Chapter 12 Emerging Leadership Perspectives Great leaders walk the talk

Chapter 12 Study Questions What is integrative leadership? What is moral leadership? What is change leadership? Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Full-range leadership theory (FRLT) Involves nine dimensions covering both transformational and transactional leadership, especially emphasizing contextual variables designed to recognize contextual variables that link observations to a set of relevant facts, events, or points of view Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Shared leadership a dynamic, interactive influence process among individuals in groups for which the objective is to lead one another to the achievement of group or organizational goals or both. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Leadership in self-managing work teams Leaders provide resources or act as liaisons with other units but without the trappings of authority associated with traditional first-line supervisors Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Conditions for creating and maintaining team performance Efficient, goal-directed effort Adequate resources Competent, motivated performance A productive, supportive climate Commitment to continuous improvement and adaptation Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Self-Leadership Activities represent a portfolio of self-influence strategies that are believed to positively influence individual behavior, thought processes, and related activities behavior-focused, natural-reward, and constructive-thought-pattern Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Behavior focused strategies self-observation self-goal setting self-reward self-correcting feedback practice Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program) attributes and entities that differentiate a specified culture predict organizational practices, leader attributes, behaviors that are most often carried out and are most effective in that culture Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 12.1 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Culture dimensions Assertiveness Future orientation Gender egalitarianism Uncertainty avoidance Power distance Institutional emphasis In-group collectivism Performance orientation Humane orientation Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Leadership dimensions Charismatic/value based Team-oriented Participative Humane-oriented Autonomous Self-protective Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 12.2 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Multiple-Level Leadership there are three different organizational domains from the bottom to the top of the organization, (1) the production domain at the bottom of the organization (2) the organization domain in the middle levels (3) the systems domain at the top Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 12.3 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Cognitive complexity are those who process information differently and perform certain better than less cognitively complex persons because they use more categories to discriminate Social intelligence ability to notice and make distinctions among other individuals Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Absorptive capacity the ability to learn Adaptive capacity the ability to change Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is integrative leadership? Managerial wisdom involves the ability to perceive variation in the environment and an understanding of the social actors and their relationships. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is moral leadership? Authentic leadership involves both owning one’s personal experiences (values, thoughts, emotions, and beliefs) and acting in accordance with one’s true self (expressing what you really think and believe, and acting accordingly). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is moral leadership? Self-efficacy an individual’s belief about the likelihood of successfully completing a specific task Optimism the expectation of positive outcomes Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is moral leadership? Hope the tendency to look for alternative pathways to reach a desired goal Resilience the ability to bounce back from failure and keep forging ahead Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is moral leadership? Servant leadership primary purpose of business should be to create a positive impact on its employees and its community helps others discover their inner spirit, earning and keeping their trust exhibits is effective listening and service over self interest Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is moral leadership? Spiritual leadership a causal leadership approach for organizational transformation designed to create an intrinsically motivated, learning organization includes values, attitudes, and behaviors required to intrinsically motivate self and others to have a sense of spiritual survival through calling and membership Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 12.4 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Change leadership helps deal with the idea of an organization that masters the challenges of change while still creating a satisfying, healthy, and effective workplace for its employees Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Transformational change radically shifts the fundamental character of an organization Change agents individuals and groups who take responsibility for changing the existing behavior patterns of another person or social system Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Unplanned change occurs spontaneously and without a change agent’s direction Planned change intentional and occurs with a change agent’s direction Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Performance gap a discrepancy between the desired and actual state of affairs Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 12.5 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Forces for change Organization-environment relationship Organizational life cycle Political nature of organizations Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 12.6 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Unfreezing stage at which a situation is prepared for change Changing stage in which specific actions are taken to create change Refreezing stage in which changes are reinforced and stabilized Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Force-coercion strategy uses authority, rewards, and punishments to create change Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Rational persuasion strategy uses facts, special knowledge, and rational argument to create change Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Shared-power strategy uses participatory methods and emphasizes common values to create change Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Resistance to change an attitude or behavior that shows unwillingness to make or support a change Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

What is change leadership? Why people resist change Resistance to the change itself Resistance to the change strategy Resistance to the change agent Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 12.7 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.