 Zionism  Movement seeking to establish a Jewish nation  U.N. Resolution 181  Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly  Partitioned Palestine and established a Jewish State  55 percent of Palestinian territory  Jews represented 1/3 of population  Palestine owned 6 percent of the land

 May 15, 1948  Combined Arab forces attack the infant nation  Egypt  Syria  Jordan  Iraq  Lebanon  Saudi Arabia  Yemen

 January 1949  Israel controlled 20,000 miles of Palestinian Land  Palestinians fled or were forced to leave their homes by Israeli forces  Some stayed behind in Galilee (17 percent of Population)  Refugees went to Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, West Bank and Gaza Strip  Treated poorly and confined to refugee camps along the borders

 What were the repercussions of the loss of Palestine?  Years of conflict between Arab and Israeli military forces  Guerrilla Warfare  Arab governments armed Palestinians  Trained to harass the Israeli military

 Formed in 1964 to umbrella all Palestinian political groups  GOALS:  Abolish the state of Israel  Establish a secular state in Palestine  Many different factions  Violence and terrorism

 Palestinian National Council  Executive committee/Legislative body  Some Organizations  Fatah  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine  Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine  Popular Struggle Front

 1960’s  Operated out of Jordan  Began attacks on Israel  Yasir Arafat became head of PLO in 1969  1970’s  Forced out of Jordan  Moved to a weaker Lebanon  Recognized as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people  Arafat appeared before the UN general Assembly  1980’s  Moved to Tunis, Tunisia in 1982  Moved to Baghdad, Iraq 1987 (Sided with Iraq in Gulf War I)

 1956 War # 2  1967 War # 3  6 Day War  1973 War # 4  Yom Kippur War  1982 War # 5

 Egypt took control of the Suez Canal  France, Britain, Israel invade Egypt  Captured Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip  1957 UN forces pressured Israel to withdraw forces

 Israeli Defense Forces Launch Preemptive strike against:  Syria, Egypt, and Jordan  Destroyed all air power  Results:  Israeli occupation of:  West Bank  East Jerusalem  Gaza Strip  Golan Heights

 November 22, 1967  UN Security Council adopts Resolution 242  Emphasized “Inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war”  Called for the withdrawal of Israel from newly acquired territory  1973 Yom Kippur War  Egypt and Syria mounted surprise attack  Israel rallied and defeated Arabs  Began the peace process

 Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat  Realized the toll of war on countries economy  Supported by U.S., Sadat began talk of peace with Israel  1977 he traveled to Israel and addressed the people  1978 Camp David Accords  Israel Prime Minister Begin and Sadat come up with agreement

 While peace was put in action others disagreed  PLO considered these negotiations to be a “sell out” of Palestinian rights in Israel  Daily attacks (Guerilla and Organized)  Israel Invaded Lebanon (1982)  Goals:  Destroy PLO Bases in Southern Lebanon  Defeat Syrian Army  Install pro-Israeli government in Lebanon

 PLO and Hamas (Islamic Fundamentalists)  Arabic for:  Resurgence  Throwing Back  Palestinian uprising in the West Bank and Gaza Strip that started in 1987 in protest against the continued Israeli occupation  Rebelled against armed troops

Intifada. Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia. Helicon Publishing eLibrary. Proquest CSA. SUMMIT HIGH SCHOOL. 07 Feb John L. Esposito, Ed. Arab-Israeli Conflict. The Islamic World: Past and Present. Oxford University Press eLibrary. Proquest CSA. SUMMIT HIGH SCHOOL. 08 Feb

Conflict Timeline  Concepts  Time  Demonstrate an awareness of chronology that links people, places and events through time  Task:  Today you will create a timeline that identifies people, places, and events of the Arab-Israeli conflict. It is up to you to identify “essential” information. Tools: Notes, Book ( ), Handouts, etc.