The Development of Monotheism (Judaism/Zoroastrianism)

Judah: High taxes/building projects caused discontent Northern part of kingdom revolts Israel in the North; Judah in the SouthIsrael in the North; Judah in the South 1650BC BC BC 722BC 1800BC Abraham: Shepherd from Ur 1 God – Yahweh - commanded to move his people to Canaan Father of Hebrew people Makes convenant with GodMakes convenant with God Moses & the Exodus Moses led Hebrews out of slavery and out of EgyptMoses led Hebrews out of slavery and out of Egypt Passover Sinai Peninsula – 10 Commandments/New CovenantSinai Peninsula – 10 Commandments/New Covenant Canaan -12 tribes Descendants of Abraham move to Egypt Drought and threat of famine cause need to moveDrought and threat of famine cause need to move Kingdom of Israel Hebrew tribes united as Kingdom of Israel under Kings Saul, David and Soloman 100 yrs of power and independence Solomon builds great temple at Jerusalem to glorify GodSolomon builds great temple at Jerusalem to glorify God Israel Falls to Assyria: Judah resisted for another 150 before being destroyed by Babylonians The Development of Judaism (1 st Monotheistic Religion)

539BC 445BC 586BC Babylonian Captivity: Babylonians attack Jerusalem and destroy temple Survivors (Hebrews) exiled to Babylon for about 50 years (kept their religion)Survivors (Hebrews) exiled to Babylon for about 50 years (kept their religion) Walls of Jerusalem Temple completed in 515BC Walls of Jerusalem rebuilt in 445BC Cyrus the Great Persian King conquered BabylonPersian King conquered Babylon Allowed 40,000 exiles to return to Jerusalem to rebuild templeAllowed 40,000 exiles to return to Jerusalem to rebuild temple Many stayed in Babylonia Judaism: Considered the first monotheistic religion Hebrews/Israelites/Jews – followers of Judaism We will study Judaism more when we compare it to Christianity and Islam The Development of Judaism (1 st Monotheistic Religion) Zoroastrianism Who was Zoroaster and what were his teachings?Who was Zoroaster and what were his teachings? How were they related to Judaism?How were they related to Judaism?

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Passover According to the Old Testament, the Lord told Moses to ask Pharaoh to let the Hebrews go free. Pharaoh refused, so after nine other curses visited the Egyptians, the Lord invoked the tenth curse: He would kill the first-born child in each Egyptian family. The Hebrews were to mark their doors with blood so the Lord would pass over their doors and not kill their first- born children. The Hebrews were also to eat unleavened bread, roast lamb, and bitter herbs on that night. After this catastrophe struck the Egyptians, Pharaoh allowed the Hebrews to leave Egypt. This was the beginning of the observance of Passover, which continues to this day. Back to Timeline

Babylonian Captivity Back to Timeline

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Zoroastrianism – Monotheism Zoroaster – Persian prophet who lived around 600BC Taught earth is a battleground where a great struggle is fought between the spirit of good/evil Believed in one god – Ahura Mazda Mazda will judge everyone according to how well they fought the battle of good/evil Similarities to Judaism? – Monotheistic – Concept of Satan (idea of evil) and angels