DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF SMALL SCALE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

PRESENTATION FLOW WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK BRIEF THEORY DEVELOPMENT PLAN HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE PROBLEMS TESTING AND RESULTS FUTURE WORK QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) BRIEF THEORY 1.1 INTRODUCTION Large number of small nodes densely deployed in a region. Collaborate to accomplish a common task, the data is forwarded towards a remote base station. Sensor Nodes: sensing, data processing, communication. Base Station: PC with node compatible wireless interface. Monitor and control all system activities. Applications: Intruder tracking, surveillance, Habitat Monitoring, Monitoring Disaster areas etc. WSN concept representation. WSN Theory

Energy Efficiency: Irreplaceable node and limited battery. WSN Theory continued... 1.2 WSN FEATURES Self Configuration: Network formation without human intervention, both communication and positioning. Special Protocols: Handling large number of nodes, broadcast medium, multihop routing. Energy Efficiency: Irreplaceable node and limited battery. Data Aggregation and Fusion: redundant data from multiple nodes can be aggregated. WSN Theory

Demonstration of WSN for Intruder Tracking Application. 2. DEVELOPMENT PLAN Demonstration of WSN for Intruder Tracking Application. Development of three sensor nodes having: ultrasonic intruder detector, Micro-controller Wireless transceiver Base station establishment using Wireless interfaced PC. Software development for intruder trajectory mapping using node map. Development Plan System block diagram

3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 3.1 ULTRASONIC SENSOR FOR NODE a). Detection setup b). Sensor block diagram c). Sensor TX wave pattern d). Sensor TX schematic 40KHz wave 65ms 1ms Hardware Implementation

Hardware Implementation Ultrasonic Sensor continued... e). Ultrasonic receiver amplifier. f). Ultrasonic receiver detection. g). Ultrasonic receiver output comparator. Hardware Implementation

Hardware Implementation 3.2 MICROCONTROLLER Microcontroller Tasks: Interrupt Signal handling of sensor. Data packet formation containing node identification and sensor information. Transmission of data packet serially to the base station via wireless communication device. 8051 microcontroller working schematic. Hardware Implementation

Hardware Implementation 3.3 WIRELESS TRANSCEIVER RF-650 Smart Radio Module features: Upto 250metres Range. Low Supply Voltage 3.3V, CMOS. Serial Data Interface. Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK). Manchester encoded data. Internal CRC error detection. RF-650 Radio Module Module pin diagram. Module antenna. Hardware Implementation

Hardware Implementation Wireless Transceivers continued... RF-650 configuration can be done by setting configuration pin low and sending a set of configuration data bytes as depicted by the following table. Hardware Implementation

Hardware Implementation Wireless Transceivers continued... RF-650 schematic for serial PC interface. Hardware Implementation

Hardware Implementation 3.4 FULL SENSOR NODE SCHEMATIC To next slide Hardware Implementation

Hardware Implementation Full Sensor Node Schematic continued... From previous slide Hardware Implementation

4. PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE 4.1 8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER PROGRAMMING Microcontroller tasks description. Program Flow Programming and Software

Programming and Software 4.2 BASE STATION SOFTWARE “senTRACK” GUI using Visual Basic 6. Windows based, fully automatic, user friendly software. Serial Port Interface to wireless module. Visual mapping of intruder trajectory. Easy node map reconfiguration. Detailed summary generation. Programming and Software

Programming and Software 4.3 UTILITY SOFTWARE “RFPROG” RF-650 configuration through byte pattern as given in the section 3.3 Slide 14. A software developed to aid in repetitive programming by providing a simple user interface. Programming and Software

Selection of suitable radio module. 5. PROBLEMS 5.1 Hardware Procurement Selection of suitable radio module. Wireless radio module shipment too costly. Level translator MAX-3232. 5.2 Problems in Hardware Implementation 8051 Microcontroller (TTL 5V) Interfacing to RF-650 (LV-CMOS 3.3V) SMT soldering of MAX-3232 IC. Ultrasonic sensor interfacing to microcontroller. Interface Circuitry Problems

The sensor will detect intruder in the line of sight. 6. TESTING AND RESULTS 6.1 Simplifying Assumptions The sensor will detect intruder in the line of sight. Broadcast medium is used for wireless communication. Three points are enough to map the intruder trajectory! 6.2 Simulate to Demonstrate Due to interfacing problems of sensor interrupt to microcontroller. Simulating sensor interrupt by placing manual push button. 6.3 Results Ultrasonic sensor successfully tested to perform the intruder detection. RF-650 radio modules successfully tested to perform the wireless communication. Software developed for intruder trajectory mapping, system monitoring and controlling. Testing and Results

Implementation using popular mote kits. 7. FUTURE WORK 7.1 Standard Mote Based Implementation Implementation using popular mote kits. Crossbow's Proposed MICA2 Basic Kit features: 3 MICA2 Processor/Radio Boards 2 MTS300 Sensor Boards (Light, Temperature, Acoustic, and Sounder) 1 MIB510 Programming and Serial Interface Board. Mote-Test Software, Hardware User’s Manuals, TinyOS Guide. Programming in Nes-C on Linux platform. Price $ 795 (Rs. 50,000 approx including shipment charges)

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