感測器原理與應用

超音波感測器 Ultrasonic Sensor Proximity sensor A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_sensor Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers when they both send and receive) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively. Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic_sensor

超音波感測器 Ultrasonic Sensor Ultrasound is an oscillating sound pressure wave with a frequency greater than the upper limit of the human hearing range. Ultrasound is thus not separated from 'normal' (audible) sound based on differences in physical properties, only the fact that humans cannot hear it. Although this limit varies from person to person, it is approximately 20 kHz (20,000 hertz) in healthy, young adults. Ultrasound devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz(GHz). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasound

超音波感測器 Ultrasonic Sensor Principle of flaw detection with ultrasound. A void in the solid material reflects some energy back to the transducer, which is detected and displayed.

超音波感測器 Ultrasonic Sensor Principle of an active sonar

超音波感測器 Ultrasonic Sensor Ultrasound can be used for medical imaging, detection, measurement and cleaning. At higher power levels, ultrasonics is useful for changing the chemical properties of substances.

超音波感測器 Ultrasonic Sensor The approximate speed of sound in dry (0% humidity) air, in meters per second (m·s−1), at temperatures near 0 °C, can be calculated from: where   is the temperature in degrees Celsius (°C). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_speed

超音波感測器 Ultrasonic Sensor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_speed

超音波感測器 Ultrasonic Sensor Sound field of a non focusing 4 MHz ultrasonic transducer with a near field length of N = 67 mm in water. The plot shows the sound pressure at a logarithmic db-scale. Sound pressure field of the same ultrasonic transducer (4 MHz, N = 67 mm) with the transducer surface having a spherical curvature with the curvature radius R = 30 mm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic_sensor

超音波感測器 Grove - Ultrasonic Ranger http://www.seeedstudio.com/wiki/Grove_-_Ultrasonic_Ranger

加速度感測器 Accelerometer An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometer F=ma In physics, acceleration is the rate at which the velocity of a body changes with time. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration

加速度感測器 Accelerometer http://www.seeedstudio.com/depot/grove-3axis-digital-accelerometer15g-p-765.html?cPath=144_146 http://www.seeedstudio.com/wiki/Grove_-_3-Axis_Digital_Accelerometer(%C2%B11.5g)

角速度感測器(陀螺儀) 3-Axis Digital Gyro (Gyroscope) A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles of angular momentum. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyroscope In physics, angular momentum, moment of momentum, or rotational momentum is a vector quantity that represents the product of a body's rotational inertia and rotational velocity about a particular axis. ω ：angular velocity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum

角速度感測器(陀螺儀) Conservation of angular momentum The law of conservation of angular momentum states that when no external torque acts on an object or a closed system of objects, no change of angular momentum can occur.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum

角速度感測器(陀螺儀) 3-Axis Digital Gyro (Gyroscope) http://www.seeedstudio.com/depot/grove-3axis-digital-gyro-p-750.html?cPath=144_146 http://www.seeedstudio.com/wiki/Grove_-_3-Axis_Digital_Gyro

角速度感測器(陀螺儀) 3-Axis Digital Gyro (Gyroscope) Grove - 3-Axis Digital Gyro module based on ITG 3200. It is the world’s first single-chip, digital-output, 3-axis MEMS motion processing gyro optimized for gaming, 3D mice, and motion-based remote control applications for Internet connected Digital TVs and Set Top Boxes. 應用 A Crash Course on Indoor Flying Robots