TA: Chris Reilly Group 5: Benjamin, Ramie, Zachary, Dinal

Ramie Abounaja - BME Zac Chalup - BME Dinal J - BME Ben Asma - BME

A sensor is a device which can be used to take physical readings from the environment and then convert them into a form that can be understood easily. This data can in turn be used for various purposes. The project our group carried out tested two types of sensors: Sonar Sensor Light Sensor

The value returned is the distance of the sensor from the closest object The sensor used in the lab had a range of 0 – 4 ft

The sensor measures the amount of reflected light that it receives an assigns a value based on a scale Sensor readings have a range from

Distance Reading (sonar) Distance Reading (Light Sensor)

Interactive C code Shown below is the Interactive C code for our light sensor. void main() { while(!start_button()); // Press Start Button while(1) // Continue infinitely { sleep(0.3);//the program waits for 0.3 seconds /*the program will display the output integer value of the sensor on the screen*/ printf("\n Output %d", analog(6)); } }

Light from the surroundings affected some of the readings we obtained from our light sensor The sonar sensor had a tendency to give different readings when the experiment was repeated at the same distance from the object

Oscilloscope - shows a graphical output - time domain version of waveform/signal Digital Multimeter (DMM) - displays a numerical output - can measure voltage, current, and resistance DC Power Supply - provides a source of voltage or current - can generate voltage from -25V to +25 V

It plots voltage on the y axis, and time on the x axis. The amplitude of the signal can be found from the vertical distance from the x axis to the peak. A user is able to adjust the appearance of a waveform by using knobs on the oscilloscope.

It can measure voltage, current and resistance It represents a complete signal with a single value. The user can select buttons to measure voltage, resistance, and current. Three terminals - red (voltage, resistance, small currents), white (large currents), black (common terminal)

3V R2 = 1K Ω 0V R1 = 1K Ω How do you find the current in this circuit? Use Ohm’s Law!!!!!

1.5V Req =.25K Ω I = 6 mA Same current through entire circuit Battery voltage is shared The total resistance of the circuit is given by the following formula: R eq = R1 + R2+…….

1.5V R1 =.5K Ω I = 6 mA I = 3 mA Current is shared Voltage across each component is the same as that of the power source The total resistance of the circuit is given by the following formula:

1.5V R =.5K Ω Anode = 1.5V Diode The diode acts as a tollbooth Doesn’t allow any current to flow through the circuit unless the power source has a voltage greater than a specified amount

I n the lab, the power supply was used to generate voltage To turn on the output, the “Output On/Off” button is pressed, and the “+6” button is pressed to enter the amount of voltage the user wants. ( in the lab 3V was used) Once the voltage is entered, the “Output On/Off” button is pressed to turn the output off while a circuit can be connected to the Power Supply The banana end of a cable is plugged into the red +6V terminal, and the banana end of another cable is plugged into the -6V terminal. The mini grabbers are attached to the circuit, and the “Output On/Off” button is pressed to turn the output on.

By setting up the circuit as shown, we varied the output voltage from the power source and checked to see if the current recorded by the multimeter agreed with the group’s calculated answer

AC Circuits – circuit with current of varying amplitude Varied the current from the power source and measured the corresponding amplitude of the current on the oscilloscope

Multisim is a virtual circuit design program used to simulate AC and DC circuits. Circuits are displayed on a grid allowing users to freely observe/modify their circuit. During the lab, the group created basic AC and DC circuits and used virtual measuring tools such as multimeters and oscilloscopes to measure the current and various other aspects of the circuit.

Designed an actual AM Radio using the given components and instructions All components of the circuit had to be manually soldered in.

Ah….. That;s my song ;) And two weeks later……

Gather sensor data Actuate servos Process image data and light LEDs Communicate with smartphones for home automation Many, many more possibilities!

The experiment involved connecting the light emitting diode to the breadboard and running the program to display different colors on the LED. By varying the time interval, we displayed a spectrum of colors.

Control the rotation of a standard servo motor Control the speed of a continuous rotation servo motor based on the light intensity Servo connector Servo motor

Varied the light received by the light sensor using the torch on a smartphone Observed that a higher light intensity resulted in a higher motor speed Servo connector Servo motor Resistor Light sensor

The End