“Muckrakers” Investigative journalists Name given by Theodore Roosevelt as an insult Taken as a compliment Goal was to expose the ills of society First step toward fixing them McClure’s Magazine

Famous Muckrakers Lincoln Steffins Ida Tarbell “Shame of the Cities “The Standard Oil Trust Government Corruption Monopolies

Famous Muckrakers Jacob Riis Upton Sinclair “How the Other Half Lives” “The Jungle Slums & Poverty Food Safety & Labor

Progressive Reforms Women’s Rights Changed roles of Women by 1900 Fewer children Husbands out of home Technology = less housework “Clubwomen” 1,000,000 in General Federation of Women by 1917 Initially social clubs, book clubs, etc. Eventually more political Parks, schools, settlement houses Labor issues, slums, suffrage, birth control, etc

Progressive Reforms Women’s Rights Growing movement for voting rights Carrie Chapman Catt Susan B. Anthony “The Winning Plan” Push for female labor laws Birth Control Margaret Sanger Carrie Chapman Catt

History of Women’s Suffrage Judith Sargeant Murray in 1780’s Seneca Falls in 1848 15th Amendment (betrayal?) Wyoming in 1890 State by state for next 3 decades

Suffrage Arguments For Against Women as equal Less threatening Points Elizabeth Cady Stanton, etc. Less threatening Points Bringing “morality” to politics White women to offset black & immigrant vote Anti-suffrage leagues The “natural order” of the “separate spheres” Separate sphere was advantageous for women Special protections Liquor lobby & anti-prohibition

Discussion Statements Women owe a debt to Quaker philosophy for their freedom. The 15th Amendment was an insult to American women. In the 19th Century concept of separate realms, women actually had the better part. It is odd that any men were sympathetic to women’s suffrage. Women’s suffrage was delayed by white male-dominated society’s need for a system of slavery.

Margaret Sanger

1910’s “pornography” by Margaret Sanger

Socialism in the United States Socialism is a political philosophy Argues that society and economy must be structured to create more equality Opposes capitalism and unlimited individual profit Argues that the workers are more important to production than owners & deserve the profit Supports government ownership and strong regulation to create conditions of equality

Socialism in the United States Socialist Party Founder, Eugene V. Debs

Socialism in the United States Some success Debs received almost a million votes for president 18 Socialist mayors elected in 1911 But Socialism has never been a major force Higher standard of living in US Possibility of social mobility Ideal of “rugged individualism” in USA Racially & ethnic divisions in US society

The International Workers of the World (IWW or “Wobblies”) Radical, anarchist union Total, complete rejection of capitalism “One big union” Sometimes linked with sabotage & violence Led by “Big Bill” Haywood Attacked & destroyed during WW I

“Big Bill” Haywood