Tell me mathematics and I will forget; Show me mathematics and I will remember; Involve me…and I will understand mathematics. If I understand mathematics,

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Presentation transcript:

Tell me mathematics and I will forget; Show me mathematics and I will remember; Involve me…and I will understand mathematics. If I understand mathematics, I will be less likely to have maths anxiety. And if I become a teacher of mathematics, I can thus begin a cycle that will produce less maths-anxious students for generations to come. W. V. Williams, 1988

Maths Anxiety in Third Year Primary Student Teachers Gillian Frankcom

WHO is Maths Anxious? I am….. They were..... –29 third years –27 women, 2 men –In their final compulsory mathematics education course (3 in total) They are..... –9 teachers in their first two years of teaching

What ‘Caused’ Maths Anxiety? Level 4/5 curriculum mathematics Mainly fractions, decimal, percentages Exhibiting –Reluctance to engage –Stressed behaviours –Tears!!

Sample question 0.1 x 840 is the same as A840 ÷ 1 B1 x 840 C1 x 8400 D840 ÷ 10 E0.10 x 84

Sample Question Which letter in the number line above names a fraction where the numerator is nearly half the denominator?

Maths Anxiety Maths Anxiety comprises factors that militate against the learning and understanding of mathematics, such as fear of failure, and physical reactions such as high tension and apprehension resulting in revulsion and sickness.

Maths Anxiety Early 20 th Century - Physiological changes In the 50’s - Scales and instruments By the 70’s - Test anxiety Burnes (1998) - 2 of USA Population 3

Implications Low personal content knowledge Avoidance Low status 50% of primary-teacher applicants have no formal qualifications in mathematics (Grootenboer, 2003)

Outcomes? High in Maths Anxiety = low in Maths Self-efficacy

What makes a difference? Mastery Vicarious Experiences Social Persuasion Affective States

What makes a difference? Vicarious Experiences

Mastery Experiences?

Mastery Experiences? Success does not seem to equal lower maths anxiety

Mastery Experiences? Low cognitive load activities Rich mathematical activities Investigations Cooperative Modelling Practical

Ideal Student? Low Maths Anxiety High Maths Self-efficacy Strong personal content knowledge Mathematics past year 11 Positive experiences at school Succeeding (A’s) in current degree course Actively enjoys “doing” Mathematics

Implications Levels of Maths Anxiety could represent a significant barrier to improving mathematics teaching and learning in the primary school…. as teachers teach as taught …..

Next? Big Question How do high levels of Maths Anxiety affect the quality of teaching of mathematics in the primary school?

Now to know mathematics is one thing, and to be able to teach it – communicate it to those at a lower conceptual level – is quite another; and I believe that it is the latter which is most lacking at the moment. As a result, many people acquire at school a lifelong dislike, even fear, of mathematics. Skemp (1971)