Clear your desks for Vocabulary Quiz #2. You have 25 minutes. Sentence structure is COMPOUND.

For Tomorrow: Poetry Response #2 For the Weekend: 1. Study for your literary terms quiz on Monday!!! 2. Read and annotate “Rime of the Ancient Mariner.” (Frankenstein section of your course pack- pg. 129.) 3. Start reading Frankenstein (pgs. 1-29)

“What, then, can oratorical imagery effect? Well, it is able in many ways to infuse vehemence and passion into spoken words, while more particularly when it is combined with the argumentative passages it not only persuades the hearer but actually makes him its slave.” --Longinus in On the Sublime, XV, 9  A figure of speech is any deviation, either in thought or expression, from the ordinary and simple method of speaking, a change analogous to the different positions our bodies assume when we sit down, lie down, or look back... Let the definition of a figure, therefore, be a form of speech artfully varied from the common usage. –Quintilian  Figures of speech are divided into two main groups: schemes and tropes. A scheme (Greek for form or shape) involves a deviation from the ordinary pattern or arrangement of words. A trope (Greek for to turn) involves a deviation from the ordinary and principal signification of a word.

Schemes of Construction The Tropes Schemes of balance: Parallelism; Antithesis Schemes of unusual or inverted word order: Anastrophe; Parenthesis Schemes of omission: Ellipsis; Asyndeton; Polysyndeton Schemes of repetition: Alliteration; Assonance; Anaphora; Epistrophe; Epanalepsis; Anadiplosis Antimetabole; Chiasmus Hyperbole Litotes Rhetorical Question Irony Onomatopoeia Oxymoron Paradox Metaphor Simile Synecdoche Metonymy Puns Personification

SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part of something stands for the whole, or the whole stands for a part Nice wheels you got there! (wheels represent car) SynesthesiaThe perception or description of one kind of sense impressions in words normally used to describe a different sense The new dress you have on is absolutely delicious! Metonomysubstituting a word naming an object for another word closely associated with it The pen is mightier than the sword. (pen and sword) Apostropheaddressing someone or something, usually not present, as though present; a figure of speech wherein the speaker speaks directly to something non-human Oh moon, how beautiful yet how lonely you look in the sky tonight! (speaker speaks to the moon)

So smooth, so sweet, so silvery is thy voice, As, could they hear, the Damned would make no noise, But listen to thee (walking in thy chamber) Melting melodious words to Lutes of Amber.

The antithesis of the poem can be found between the soft and sibilant sounds heard by the Blessed, who obviously can enjoy Julia’s voice, and the less pleasant, rigid, hard sounds of the Damned, who obviously cannot enjoy Julia’s voice, but would if they could. A close reader even might notice that the s sound in the pleasant parts of the poem is euphonious, while the s sound in the unpleasant parts is a buzzing sound: the s of smooth and sweet against the s of noise. In the last line the mel of the first two words produces mellow, almost onomatopoetic sounds, and the assonance of to and Lu- softens the music even more.

He clasps the crag with crooked hands; Close to the sun in lonely lands, Ringed with the azure world, he stands. The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls; He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt he falls.

The recognition and “translation of literary terms can indeed drive you deeper and deeper into the text. Layers of meaning peel away to reveal more layers of meaning. Knowing how the parts function in the whole, how and why the parts influence the operation of the whole: that is what is critical. It is the little things that influence the big things. It is all in how the parts function in the whole.

 Passage from Obasan by Joy Kogawa  Passage from 1808 Lectures on Principles of Poetry by Samuel Taylor Coleridge  “First Sight” by Phillip Larkin Start with the mnemonic device: SSSPOPIAM (S – symbol; S – simile; S - synecdoche, metonymy; P—personification; O—overstatement (hyperbole), understatement (litotes), oxymoron; P—paradox, pun; I—irony; A—apostrophe, allusion; M—metaphor)