Birds By:Lindsay Hotze and Dani Demuth

Habitat Polar regions Tropics Forests Deserts Cities Grasslands Farmlands Mountain tops Islands Caves Near water

Food Sources Small animals Small animals Vegetables Vegetables Nectar Nectar Fruit Fruit Insects Insects Seeds Seeds

Importance Presence tells whether all is well or something is wrong Presence tells whether all is well or something is wrong Shows biological importance of an area Shows biological importance of an area Indicates whether food is available Indicates whether food is available Can indicate pollution Can indicate pollution

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What makes birds unique? Feathers Constructed from keratin Provide a light, flexible, insulating layer to maintain birds’ body temperature of 107.6°F Assist in flight Colors and shapes of feathers are forms of visual communication

Skeletal System Hollow bones filled with air sacs Hollow bones filled with air sacs Rigid skeleton Rigid skeleton Strong enough for flight due to fusion of bones Strong enough for flight due to fusion of bones Light and compact for low take off weight and good power to weight ratio Light and compact for low take off weight and good power to weight ratio Light round skull with a toothless beak covered in horny plates Light round skull with a toothless beak covered in horny plates

Respiration Can breathe through mouth and nostrils very rapidly Can breathe through mouth and nostrils very rapidly Air moves in one direction through lungs, which is what makes it different from all other respiratory systems Air moves in one direction through lungs, which is what makes it different from all other respiratory systems Unidirectional air way important because the muscles need a constant oxygen supply so they can produce enough energy to fly Unidirectional air way important because the muscles need a constant oxygen supply so they can produce enough energy to fly Usually fresh air with high oxygen content Usually fresh air with high oxygen content Deliver oxygen from air to tissues and removes carbon dioxide Deliver oxygen from air to tissues and removes carbon dioxide Makes more oxygen available to be diffused Makes more oxygen available to be diffused Plays role in thermoregulation Plays role in thermoregulationthermoregulation

Reproduction Sexes differ in appearance Single breeding season Internal fertilization cloaca-the common cavity into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals open in birds Lay eggs into a nest to keep incubated and warm Babies remain in nest for several months Click me !

Nervous System Similar to humans Similar to humans Made up of brain, spinal cord, and nerves Made up of brain, spinal cord, and nerves These transmit messages to and from the brain These transmit messages to and from the brain

Circulatory System Consists of a four chambered heart and blood vessels Main blood vessels are arteries and veins Works extremely fast to keep up with oxygen flow -Ex: human heart-60 beats per minute humming bird heart- 1,000 beats per minute

Excretory System Nitrogenous wastes are removed from the blood by the kidney, they are then converted into uric acid and are deposited in the cloaca. Nitrogenous wastes are removed from the blood by the kidney, they are then converted into uric acid and are deposited in the cloaca. Water is then reabsorbed causing uric acid crystals to precipitate and form the whitish- semisolid paste. Water is then reabsorbed causing uric acid crystals to precipitate and form the whitish- semisolid paste.

Digestive System Digestive System Click me !

Examples Australian King Parrot CardinalPeacock Great TitBlue-Footed Boobie

Taxonomy Kingdom- Animalia Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Phylum- Chordata Class- Aves Class- Aves Order-23 orders (most common passeriformes otherwise known as perching birds) Order-23 orders (most common passeriformes otherwise known as perching birds) 9,700 species 9,700 species

How do birds fly? Flight Clips Flight Clips Flight Clips Flight Clips

Adaptations Longer legs for walking birds like ostriches Longer legs for walking birds like ostriches In penguins, wings adapted to become like underwater paddles In penguins, wings adapted to become like underwater paddles Birds of prey have long beaks and talons to increase hunting abilities Birds of prey have long beaks and talons to increase hunting abilities

Endotherms Endotherms means birds are warm blooded animals Endotherms means birds are warm blooded animals Body temperature stays the same even if surrounding temperatures are higher or lower Body temperature stays the same even if surrounding temperatures are higher or lower

Works Cited "Avian Respiration." Bird Respiration System. 2 Apr "Avian Respiration." Bird Respiration System. 2 Apr "Birds, Feathered Conquerors of the Air". Animals: Birds Volume Two. New York, New York: Macmillan Library Reference USA, "Birds, Feathered Conquerors of the Air". Animals: Birds Volume Two. New York, New York: Macmillan Library Reference USA, Miller, Kenneth, and Joseph Levine. Biology: The Living Science. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, Miller, Kenneth, and Joseph Levine. Biology: The Living Science. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, "Noah's Ark Zoo Farm, Wraxall, Bristol, Somerset". Noah's Ark Zoo Farm. April 4, "Noah's Ark Zoo Farm, Wraxall, Bristol, Somerset". Noah's Ark Zoo Farm. April 4, Noll, Paul. "Bird Skeleton." 2 Apr Noll, Paul. "Bird Skeleton." 2 Apr Peace, "Birds Anatomy (Conure)." 19 Aug Let Peace Inspire You. 2 Apr Peace, "Birds Anatomy (Conure)." 19 Aug Let Peace Inspire You. 2 Apr Peterson, Roger Tory. The Birds, by Tory Peterson and the editors of Life. New York: New York,Time inc, Peterson, Roger Tory. The Birds, by Tory Peterson and the editors of Life. New York: New York,Time inc, Prum, Richard O. "Bird." World Book Online Reference Center [Place of access.] 2 April Prum, Richard O. "Bird." World Book Online Reference Center [Place of access.] 2 April Ramel, Gordon. "The Taxonomy of Birds." 7 Jan Earth-Life Web Productions. 4 Apr Ramel, Gordon. "The Taxonomy of Birds." 7 Jan Earth-Life Web Productions. 4 Apr Smith, Edmund. "The importance of birds to the environment." Nov Okrala. 2 Apr 2008 Smith, Edmund. "The importance of birds to the environment." Nov Okrala. 2 Apr 2008