Polymath

DaVinci-Renaissance Man painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer

Codex On The Flight of Birds (1506)

Codex On The Flight of Birds 1505 Describes the nature of bird flight First to articulate that flying is not a flapping motion but rather, it is a swimming motion Also suggested that center of gravity is not equal to center of pressure

Gallus First chickens noted in India in 3200 BC 175 Different Varieties/Subspecies Longest sustained flight = 13 seconds

Gallus gallus Dissection

Key Observational Points Anatogonistic muscle pairs of upper and lower wing Points of origin and insertion for major muscle groups Diversity and application of various connective tissues (cartilage, tendons, ligaments, etc.) Form and function of integumentary system Homology to human appendicular anatomy

Procedure 1) Skin the wing, cutting below the fat and above the fascia (translucent muscle covering/mesentary) 2) Articulate the paired flexors of the upper and lower wing manually and note the direction of movement in the wing 3) Articulate the paired extensors of the upper and lower wing manually and note the direction of movement in the wing

Procedure 2 4) Identify the tendons attached to each flexor or extensor and identify as a point of origin or insertion 5) Sever a flexor muscle and note the effect 6) Sever an extensor and note the effect 7) Observe a hinge joint and note the ligaments and articular cartilage

Procedure 3 8) Compare/contrast the color of the muscle tissue re: oxygenation 9) Sever a bone and view the marrows 10) Clean Up –Tissues in garbage –Wash all dissection materials and pan –Remove gloves and dispose in garbage