II. New Age of Science (1830’s – early 1900’s) In Western Europe, the introduction of electricity, chemicals, and petroleum triggered a Second Industrial Revolution, and a world economy began to develop.

The telegraph changed communications forever. A.Samuel Morse. 1.Mid-1830s, developed electric telegraph (Morse Code).

B.Henry Bessemer. 1.The ‘Bessemer process’ – 1 st inexpensive industrial process for mass-production of steel from molten pig iron (1855). Two weights used in the theatre and made of pig iron; because of this, they are dubbed 'pig weights.' Pig iron is raw iron.

C.Charles Darwin. 1.Showed that species originated through evolutionary change; scientific theory of. 1.Showed that species originated through evolutionary change; scientific theory of natural selection. 2.“Survival of the fittest.” , Origin of Species. A satire in Hornet magazine portraying Darwin, the English naturalist, with an ape body and the bushy beard, 1866.

The Galapagos Islands hold 13 species of finches that are closely related and differ most markedly in the shape of their beaks. The beak of each species is suited to its preferred food, suggesting that beak shapes evolved by natural selection.

D.Louis Pasteur. 1.Prevent milk from going sour in 1862, known as pasteurization (kill organisms). 2.Created 1 st vaccine for rabies.

E.Alexander Graham Bell. 1.Invented the telephone in In "The Telephone Gambit: Chasing Alexander Graham Bell's Secret," journalist Seth Shulman argues that Bell — aided by aggressive lawyers and a corrupt patent examiner — got an improper peek at patent documents Elisha Gray had filed, and Bell was wrongly credited with filing first.

F.Thomas Edison. 1.Invented the phonograph (1877), research laboratory, & improved the light bulb (1879). Early advertisement for phonograph, showing the inventor Thomas Edison. 1879

G.Guglielmo Marconi. 1.Invented 1 st radio in Improved Morris Code; used on ships.

H.Marie Curie. 1.Discovered the radioactive elements of polonium and radium (1898). The first two-time Nobel laureate and the only person with Nobel Prizes in two different fields of science (physics and chemistry). She also became the first woman appointed to teach at the Sorbonne.

I.The Wright Brothers. 1.1 st controlled, powered, heavier-than- air human flight on Dec. 17, Orville & Wilbur in Kitty Hawk,N.C. First flight of “Wright Flyer” on December 17, 1903.

J.Henry Ford. 1.Father of modern assembly lines used in mass production (1913). 2."Fordism", produced many inexpensive; ↑ wages ($5/day in 1914). Ford assembly line, “You can paint it any color, so long as it's black.” -- Henry Ford Model T from

Production by 1916 was over 700,000 model T's -- twice the output of all competitors combined. Production by 1916 was over 700,000 model T's -- twice the output of all competitors combined. The increased efficiency allowed Ford to cut prices by a third, selling the car for $850 in 1909, and $290 by The increased efficiency allowed Ford to cut prices by a third, selling the car for $850 in 1909, and $290 by Ford made Ford made 15 million model T's by 1927.

Activity In groups of 2, create a chart (4 across and 10 down) listing the person, item, year, and purpose. Person Item/ Invention YearPurpose SamuelMorseElectrictelegraphMid-1830’s Communica- tion