What are the types of illegal drugs? o It acts primarily on the nerve cells within the brain. It interferes with communication between nerve cells and all other cells, suppressing the activities of excitatory nerve pathways and increasing the activities of inhibitory nerve pathways.

What are the types of illegal drugs? Narcotics – substances that induce sleep and relieve pain o Opium– derived from the juice of unripe asian poppy pods

Narcotics – substances that induce sleep and relieve pain o Heroin- most commonly used opium-based drug o High solubility in water

Narcotics – substances that induce sleep and relieve pain o Morphine

Codeine – analgesic and cough suppressant prepared synthetically from morphine Narcotics – substances that induce sleep and relieve pain

Narcotics Synthetic Opiates ▫not naturally derived from opium ▫have similar physiological effects on the body Methadone ▫if a person takes periodic doses, they will not get high from heroin or morphine OxyContin ▫oxycodone is closely related to morphine and heroin ▫25 million people abuse this drug

What are the possible effects of Narcotics? Euphoria Shallow breathing, watery eyes, yawning, cramps Loss of appetite, nausea, tremors, panic, chills and sweating

Hallucinogens o cause marked alterations in normal thought processes, perceptions and moods o substances that cause hallucinations, illusions and distorted images

Hallucinogens – o Marijuana – most widely used illicit drug in the U.S. o derived from the plant Cannabis o hashish- sticky resin from seeds

Hallucinogens o Angel dust – also known as PCP o Phencyclidine o easy to make in cladestine labs o often mixed with LSD or amphetamines o smoked, ingested, or sniffed o feelings of strength and invulerability, dreamy sense of detachement, depression, irritability, isolation, paranoia

Hallucinogens o LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide – also known as Psychedelics o made from egrot o type of fungus that attacks certain grassses and grains o vivid hallucinations, marked changes in moods, anxiety and tension o prone to flashbacks and psychotic reations

What are the possible effects of Hallucinogens? rapidly changing feelings chronic use may cause persistent problems, depression, violent behaviour, anxiety and distorted perception of time large doses may cause convulsions, coma, heart and ruptured blood vessels in the brain

Depressants o substances that slow down, or depress, the central nervous o used to relieve anxiety, irritability, and tension

Depressants o Alcohol - is a clear drink that is made from corn, barley, grain, rye, or a beverage containing ethyl alcohol o most widely used drug in the U.S. o behavioral patterns of alcohol intoxication vary and depend o socal setting o amount consumed o supresses the brain’s control of thought processes and muscle control

Depressants o Barbiturates – used to overcome insomnia and treat epilepsy o derivative of barbituric acid o “downers”

Depressants o Antipsychotics and Antianxiety Drugs o generally prodice a relaxing tranquility without impairing high-thinking faculties or inducing sleep o Valium and chlopormazine

What are the possible effects of Depressants? Small amounts cause calmness and relaxed muscles Larger amounts cause slurred speech, impaired judgment, loss of motor coordination Very large doses may cause respiratory depression, coma and death

Stimulants o substances that stimulate or speed up the central nervous system o drugs used to increase alertness, relieve fatigue, feel stronger and more decisive; used for euphoric effects

Stimulants o Amphetamines o group of synthetic stimulants that share a smiliar chemical structure (“uppers” or “speed”) o feeling of well-being, incerased alertness, decrese in fatigue, and loss of apetite o restlessness, instability, apprehension,and depression when it wears off

Stimulants o Cocaine – white powder from coca trees. o Sigmund Freud-experiments o originally used as a local painkiller or anesthetic o similar effects as amphetamines o Crack- o concaine mixed with baking soda and water coca

Stimulants o Caffeine – found in tea, coffee, cola drinks and chocolate tea

What are the possible effects of stimulants? increased heart and respiratory rates elevated blood pressure dilated pupils and decreased appetite high doses may cause rapid or irregular heartbeat loss of coordination a feeling of restlessness, anxiety and delusions

DESIGNER DRUGS/ Club Drugs Are synthetic drugs that produce effects similar to existing illegal drugs. Manufactured in chemical laboratories and homes and sold illegally. Include Ecstasy, GHB, Roofies, ketamine, methamphetamine

STEROIDS Anabolic Steroids are artificial testosterone hormones that produce muscle growth and male characteristics Two Forms: Injectable and Pills EFFECTS: Mood Swings “roid rage”, acne, liver tumors, elevated cholesterol levels, hypertension, kidney disease, immune system disturbances.

A or B. 1. Which is the likely effect of uppers or stimulants? A. Promotes relaxation and sleep B. Increases alertness and mental activity B

A or B. 2. Which substance is classified as depressant? A. Alcohol or liquor B. Cocaine A

A or B. 3. Which substance is not classified as inhalant? A. Rugby B. Marijuana B

A or B. 4. A person abusing this type of drug may have a disoriented direction, distance and time. The drug user may speak of “hearing” colors and “seeing” sounds. Which type of drugs is being described? A. Depressants B. Hallucinogens B

A or B. 5. Which of the following explains why drugs are being abused? A. To engage in wholesome and productive activities. B. To ease depression, boredom, misery and pain B

A or B. 6. The young athlete is talking to the press. He has just signed a contract with Boston Celtics. Every one agrees that his future looks bright. There is a party after the signing. People surround him. One “friend” gives him some morphine tablets. The athlete thinks, “just once can’t hurt.” But it can: he dies from an accidental morphine overdose.

A or B. 6. Which sign indicates that the athlete abused the drug morphine? A. He lost interest in his career. B. He became careless and lost self-control. B

A or B. 7. Morphine is an example of what type of drug? A. Stimulants B. Narcotics B

A or B. 8. Mary knew that Marvin was a recovering addict. Marvin was glad that she had called. He said, “That’s one of the things that helped me when I decided to quit using.” This conversation indicates that drug abuse can be treated through _________. A. Seeking help if problems cannot be dealt anymore. B. Developing strong moral foundations in life. A

A or B. 9. Marvin’s case is just a part of a global concern against drug abuse. Which of the following is the best way to heighten awareness and campaign against drug abuse? A. Institution of heavy penalties against drug pushers only. B. Sincere action on the part of the government, school and the community as a whole. B