Pg. 134 RTW: What is one interesting thing you learned about Mollusca? Monday, May 4th, 2015 Pg. 134 RTW: What is one interesting thing you learned about Mollusca? Objective: I will be prepared for the Marine EOC on 5/18. Agenda: Final Review Aves need to send me quiz for approval Homework: Fish Food Project

Tuesday, May 5th, 2015 Pg. 134 RTW: Would you rather fight a 100 duck size horses or 1 horse size duck? Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Aves. Agenda: Aves Foldable Aves group be ready to present tomorrow! Fish & Sharks group send digital documents by today! Homework: Fish Food Project

Chordata Foldable (Class Aves) Examples: Marine and coastal birds: Pelicans, Albatross, Blue-footed booby, Sandpipers, Penguins. Bird orders end in the suffix –iformes Characteristics: Light weight bones Endothermic Three feather types: Down, Contour, Powder Most have a gland to convert salth2o to freshh2o Several species have webbed feet for swimming

Chordata foldable (marine birds) Diagram: Reproduction: egg-laying, internal fertilization

Marine Birds Class: Aves

Characteristics Depend on the ocean for survival Lightweight bones Return to land to breed. Endothermic = create their own body heat 3 Types of feathers: 1- Down = small, fluffy, closest to skin, for warmth. 2- Contour = larger, cover wings and body, for flight. 3- Powder = Repel water, protect the down

http://www.birds.cornell.edu/ Online Bird Guide

Bird Orders Class Aves broken into 29 orders All orders end in –iformes Ex. Pelecaniformes- Pelicans (totipalmate swimmers) Ex. Passeriformes- Songbirds

Diving Pelagic Birds Open-ocean birds, spend most of their lives at sea Puffins, petrels, shearwaters, albatross Migrate thousands of km each year

Large nostrils located in short tubes on sides/top of bill Spend most of life at sea Come to land only to breed Wandering Albatross-Largest wingspan of all living birds (nearly 12 feet)

Wandering Albatross

Wandering Albatross chick

Shearwater

Penguins Can dive down 800 meters for food Flightless, marine, pelagic, swimming and diving birds The Emperor Penguin is the largest @ 4ft, 75lb

Penguins The most aquatic of all marine birds 15 species (all are in the Southern Hemisphere) No contour feather (can’t fly) Thick layer of fat and dense down feathers Excellent swimmers/divers Eyes adapted for underwater vision Both males and females take care of watching the egg and chicks

Babies Adelie Penguins Emperor Penguins

Rockhopper Penguin King Penguins

Penguin

Totipalmate Swimmers All 4 toes are webbed Pelicans, Gannets, Cormorants& Frigatebirds Some breathe through their mouth (nasal openings are closed)

American White Pelican

Blue-footed Booby

Long-legged Waders Herons, Egrets, Ibises, Spoonbills, Storks & Vultures Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in flight

Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in flight

Storks hold neck extended in flight

Bird populations decreased because of plume hunters (1902-1903) Fashionable for women to wear feathers in their hats 4 birds=1 ounce ($32/oz)

1,608 packages of plumes in a commercial sales room in 1902 Each package weighed 30 oz totaling 48,240 oz Required the lives of 192,960 herons

Flamingos Pink plumage due to carotenoids obtained from food, cyanobacteria Most unusual feature is the bent bill held upside down to feed

At one time occurred naturally in the state of Florida Nest made on a cone shaped pedestal of mud Young swim day of hatching

Flamingo

Marsh birds Crane, Coots & Moorhens Losing more species of birds than any major order of birds The Whooping Crane is the tallest American bird

Whooping Crane & chick

Sandhill Crane -More commonly seen

Roseate Spoonbill

Shorebirds Much diversity Divers, skimmers, waders Lakes, coastal waters, beaches, meadows

Shorebirds Sandpiper – narrow, pointed bill Snowy egret – long, flexible neck Roseate Spoonbill Sea ducks Sea Gull - scavengers

American Avocet

Diurnal Birds of Prey Hawks, Eagles, Kites & Ospreys Have short, decurved hooked beaks Excellent eyesight Feed on birds, mammals, fish or reptiles

Osprey

Kingfishers Large heads with spearlike bills Dive straight into water for fish

Belted Kingfisher

Perching Birds All the Songbirds Ex. Cardinals, Jays, Wrens, Warblers, etc. Includes Loggerhead Shrike & Florida Scrub Jay

Feather Anatomy

What is preening? Definition: Preening is the process by which birds groom and care for their feathers. When a bird is preening, she uses her beak to pick through her feathers -- removing any debris, arranging feathers that are out of place, and distributing a special oil that is secreted from a gland at the base of the tail. This oil helps a bird's feathers stay healthy and shiny.

No RTW: Aves group be ready to present when the bell rings! Wednesday, May 6th, 2015 No RTW: Aves group be ready to present when the bell rings! Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Aves. Agenda: Aves Fish Food Presentation Homework: Fish Food Project

Chordate Foldable (sharks and fish) Examples: Class Agnatha: jawless fish Class Chondrichthyes : sharks, rays, skates Class Osteichthyes (Actinopterygii): bony fish Characteristics: Gills for breathing (several shark species have to swim to breathe) Chondrichthyes have cartilage instead of bone Osteichthyes have bony skeletons and ray fins Agnatha have no jaws but rows of teeth in a circular formation

Chordate (sharks and fish) Diagrams: Reproduction: Agnatha and Osteichthyes: spawning or internal fertilization. Lay eggs (some are tended to others are on their own) Chondrichthyes: internal fertilization - viviparous: live birth - ovoviviparous: egg stays in mom until hatched - oviparous: egg laying (mermaids purse)

Pg. 132 RTW: What is one interesting fact about Aves? Thursday, May 7th, 2015 Pg. 132 RTW: What is one interesting fact about Aves? Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Fish & Sharks. Agenda: Fish & Sharks Foldable Fish & Sharks group be ready to present tomorrow! Homework: Fish Food Project

Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Marine Fishes

Characteristics Backbone Bilateral symmetry Endoskeleton Fish-simplest & oldest of all living vertebrates (Fossils date back to 400 million years ago) Most abundant-over 22,000 species of fish in world 58% are marine

Jawless Fishes class Agnatha Most primitive No jaws- feed by suction

Cartilaginous Fishes class Chondrichthyes (Con-dric-thees) Sharks, rays, skates, & ratfishes Skeleton is made of cartilage Lighter & more flexible than bone

Mouth is ventral (underneath head) Sandpaper like skin May have well developed teeth Constantly are replaced

Movement Fins more rigid than bony fish Rely on pectoral fins to “lift” them in order to prevent sinking (no air bladder) Large, oily liver that increases buoyancy Streamline body shape – moves quickly b/c of large muscles in the caudal fin. Asymmetric caudal fin improves stability

Sharks Smallest = pygmy shark (25cm) Largest = whale shark (15 meters)! These are filter feeders. Bottom dwellers = nurse & leopard Most aggressive = Great White Other dangerous sharks = Tiger and Hammerhead

http://www. youtube. com/watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DbCcMbOL3M&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Sensory Sensitive receptors to detect stimuli: Lateral Line organ Hair-like sensors that pick up sound vibrations up to ½ km away Ampullae of Lorenzini in the snout – senses electric fields generated by the muscles of potential prey. 2/3 of the sharks brain is devoted to sense and smell

Reproduction Internal fertilization Male sharks = Claspers that hold onto female for transfer of sperm into reproductive tract. Some (mostly aggressive) have internal development and live births (viviparous) - -hammerheads Some start predation early by devouring their siblings before they hatch! Other sharks and skates have external development – develop in a black, leathery case called a “mermaids purse” – take over a year to develop. (oviparous)

Whale Shark- largest fish in existence

Bull Sharks Very Aggressive Fresh and Saltwater

Sharks must swim to force water over their gills If caught in nets they will drown Some exceptions: nurse sharks- gills can contain enough oxygen w/o swimming

Bony Fishes class Osteichthyes (Osti-ich-thees) Skeleton partially bone Have an operculum-gill cover to protect gills Caudal fin usually same size (top & bottom)

Bony fish have fin rays vs. cartilaginous fins & a swim bladder Sunfish-largest Bony fish 1996, Japan 9.6 ft long

Biology of Fishes Study of fishes: Ichthyology Body Shape Directly related to lifestyle Fast swimmers=streamlined Coral reef fish=laterally compressed

Elongated bodies fit into rocks & other narrow spaces Laterally compressed-at beginning of life one eye on each side then migrates to same side Elongated bodies fit into rocks & other narrow spaces Truncate, short-

Irregular shapes help with concealment-

Countercurrent exchange Heat exchange: legs of birds, body heating of fish such as Tuna and Mako shark

Fins Pairs = Pectoral & Pelvic Single = Dorsal, Anal & Symmetric Caudal (have air bladder for stability) Skin – slimy mucus coating acts as a barrier against infection and friction

1st Dorsal Fin 2nd Dorsal Fin Caudal Fin Pectoral Fin Anal Fin Pelvic Fin

No RTW: Fish & Sharks group be ready to present when the bell rings! Friday, May 8th , 2015 No RTW: Fish & Sharks group be ready to present when the bell rings! Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Fish & Sharks. Agenda: Fish & Sharks Fish Food Presentation Reptilia group send digital documents by today! Homework: Fish Food Project