Fundamentals of Construction Construction Math Fundamentals of Construction

Section 1.0.0 Why is math important in construction? * Provides accurate communication of measurements of materials, tools, and/or equipment

Section 2.0.0 Whole Numbers: complete numbers w/o decimals or fractions 1 5 12 368 4,724 Non-Whole Numbers: 1.5 6 ½ 42.8 0.006

Section 2.1.0 Parts to Whole Numbers: Digits Units Tens Hundreds Thousands Ten Thousands Hundred Thousand Millions

Section 2.1.1 Review Questions p. 2.3

Section 2.2.0 Adding Whole Numbers 6 + 3 9

Section 2.2.1 Carrying in Addition 48 + 64 112

Section 2.2.2 Review Questions p. 2-4

Section 2.2.2 Problem-Solving (Word Problems) If a construction company had 14 workers on one job, 18 on another, and 32 on a third job, how many total employees do they have all together?

Section 2.2.2 14 18 + 32 64 total workers

Section 2.3.0 Subtracting Whole Numbers: 38 - 24 14

Section 2.3.1 Review Questions p. 2.5

Section 2.3.0 Borrowing during subtraction 34 - 28 6

Section 2.4.0 Multiplying Simple Whole Numbers 4 x 8 32

Section 2.4.1 Review Questions p. 2.6

Section 2.4.2 Multiplying Larger Whole Number 75 x 16 420 75_ 1170

Section 2.4.3 Review Questions p. 2.7

Section 2.5.0 Dividing Whole Numbers: 10 div by 2 5 2 10 10

Section 2.5.1 Review Questions p. 2.8

Section 2.5.2 Dividing More Complex Numbers: 2 8. 7 12 345. 24 10 5 96 24 10 5 96 9 84

Section 2.5.3 Review Questions p. 2.9

Section 2.6.0 Using Calculators Addition Section 2.6.2 REVIEW QUESTIONS p. 2.10

Section 2.6.4 Subtraction Review Questions p. 2.11

Section 2.6.5 Multiplication Review Questions 2.6.6 p. 2.11

Section 2.6.7 Division Review Questions Section 2.6.9 p. 2.12

Section 2 Review #s 1-20 p. 2.12-2.14

Section 3.0.0 Measurements Divisions of an inch

Section 3.1.0 Review Questions p. 2.16

Section 4.0.0 Fractions – value expressed with a numerator and denominator 1 2 Numerator Denominator

Section 4.1.0 Equivalent fractions – different numerators and denominators but having the same value 4 2 1 8 4 2

Section 4.1.1 Review Questions p. 2.17

Section 4.2.0 Reducing to lowest forms Reduce to lowest terms possible by dividing both the numerator and numerator by the highest number possible

Section 4.2.0 3 3 1 9 3 3

Section 4.2.1 Review Questions p. 2-18

Section 4.3.0 Lowest common denominator Find lowest number that will EVENLY divide into both denominators

Section 4.3.0 3 5 4 8 Which is larger? or

Section 4.3.1 Review Questions p. 2-19

Section 4.4.0 Adding Fractions Find lowest common denominator Use that denominator Add the numerators Reduce to lowest terms

Section 4.4.0 3 5 4 8 6 5 11 8 8 8

Section 4.4.1 Review Questions p. 2-20

Section 4.5.0 Subtracting Fractions Done same way as addition, except subtract numerators

Section 4.5.0 3 5 4 8 6 5 1 8 8 8

Section 4.5.1 Review Questions p. 2.20

Section 4.5.1 Subtracting a fraction from a whole number 5 – ¼ =

Section 4.5.2 4 4/4 5 - ¼ 4 ¾ 3/4

Section 4.5.3 Review Questions p. 2-21

Section 4.6.0 Multiplying Fractions 4 x 5 = 20 8 6 48

Section 4.6.1 Review Questions p. 2.21

Section 4.7.0 Dividing Fractions Invert (flip) 2nd fraction multiply numerator multiply denominator simplify

4.7.0 3 1 = 8 2 3 x 2 = 6 = 3 8 1 8 4

Section 4.7.1 Review Questions p. 2.22

Section 4.0.0 Review Questions #s 1-20 p. 2.22-2.23

Section 5.0.0 Reading metric rule units of tenths can be written as decimal or fraction

5.0.0 0.2 0.7 1.0 1.6 2.1 2.7

5.1.1 Review questions p. 2.25

Section 5.2.1 Review Questions p. 2.26

Section 5.3.1 Review Questions p. 2.26-2.27

Section 5.4.0 Adding / Subtracting Decimals Rule: align decimals Review questions p. 2.28

5.4.0 4.561 + 54.7 + 54.7 = 59.261

Section 5.5.0 Multiplying Decimals Rule: answer must total number of decimal places in answer

5.5.1 8.2 x 1.26 10332 (count 3 decimal places) = 10.332

5.5.1 Review Questions p. 2.28-2.29

5.6.0 Dividing decimals if decimal in numerator, keep decimals in line If decimal in denominator, move until right of units place. Must move same number of places for the numerator.

5.6.2 Review questions p. 2.30

5.6.4 Review questions p. 2.30

5.6.6 Review questions p. 2.31

5.7.0 Rounding decimals .5 or above, round up .499999999999 or below, drop off

5.7.7 Review questions p. 2.31

5.8.0 Using calculators

5.8.1 Review questions p. 2.32

Section 5.0.0 Review Questions #s 1-15 p. 2.32-2.34

6.0.0 Conversion Processes Decimal  Percentages Percentages  Decimals

6.0.0 decimals  percentage = # x 100 percentage  decimals = # / 100

6.1.1 Review questions p. 2.35

6.2.1 Fractions  decimals set up as division problem. Review questions p. 2.36

6.3.1 Converting decimals  fractions Setup with value over place value Becomes fraction  reduce

6.4.0 Converting inches  decimals divide inches by 12 and place as decimal Ex. 7” = _?_’ 7/12” = 0.583’

Section 6.0.0 Review questions #s 1-10 p. 2.37

Section 7.0.0 WE WILL SKIP!!!!!!

8.0.0 Angles acute right obtuse straight adjacent opposite

Shapes Triangles – 180 , equilateral right isosceles scalene

Squares / Rectangles 4 sides, right angles diagonals 360

Circles 360 circumference diameter radius

Pythagorean Theorem a + b = c 2 2 2

Area amount of space a shape takes up measured in square in (sq in) or ft (sq ft)

Area A (square) = l x w A (rectangle) = l x w A (circle) = Ii r A (triangle) = ½bh 2

Area find area 8’ 14’

Area 9’ 9’

Area 9’ 16’

Area 12’

8.3.1 Review Questions p. 2.52