CHAPTER 10 MEXICO SECTION 1 PAGE 220-225

I. MEXICO—TOTAL PHYSICAL LANDFORMS A) MOUNTAINS DOMINATE THE CENTRAL REGION OF MEXICO 1) SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL—LOCATED IN THE WEST 2) SIERRA MADRE ORIENTAL –LOCATED IN THE EAST. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIyEvomUz14 B) BETWEEN THESE TWO RANGES SITS A FLAT LAND CALLED THE PLATEAU OF MEXICO C) THE PENINSULA OF MEXICO LOCATED SOUTH OF CALIFORNIA. 1) BAJA CALIFORNIA AND BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR 2) CITY OF TIJUANA LOCATED HERE. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdrIqa91lkg

II. REGIONS OF MEXICO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNWCYG2MnC8 A) HEARTLAND REGION—THE CENTRAL PLATEAU 1) 80% OF POPULATION LIVES HERE 2) SOUTHERN SECTION OF THIS AREA HAVE BEST FARMLAND 3) NATURAL HAZARDS OF THIS REGION INCLUDE: a) Earthquakes—(1985 Earthquake killed 10,000 in Mexico City) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNWCYG2MnC8 4) CLIMATE OF THIS REGION a) ARID in the north b) SOUTH has plenty of rainfall and milder climate 5) CITIES OF THE REGION --MEXICO CITY(CAPITAL OF MEXICO) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcvdDnfXS2o a.) IMMIGRANTS LOOKING FOR BETTER LIFE HAVE MOVED HERE CAUSED LARGE SLUM AREA IN MEXICO CITY

B) COASTAL REGIONS **NORTHERN PACIFIC COAST 1) DRY, HOT AND NOT MANY PEOPLE 2) GOOD FARMLAND BECAUSE OF IRRIGATION (DAMS ON RIVERS) 3) BIGGEST CITY IS TIJUANA

**SOUTHERN PACIFIC COAST 1) LITTLE FARMING BECAUSE OF MOUNTAINS 2) MAJOR RESORT CITIES OF ACAPULCO, PUERTO VALLARTA, AND MAZATLAN (TOURISM) SUPPORTS ECONOMY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QyLjwMcHB0

**GULF COASTAL PLAIN (GULF OF MEXICO) 1) HIGE DEPOSITS OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS 2) CREATES WEALTH FOR MEXICO

**YUCATAN PENINSULA 1) GENERALLY A FLAT AREA 2) SOILS COVERS A LIMESTONE BEDROCK (CAUSES EARTH TO DEVELOP SINKHOLES WHEN LIMESTONE DISSOLVES http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GA1H5bqayaY 3) LARGEST CITY IS MERIDA, (500,000) 4) RELY HEAVILY UPON TOURISM FOR THEIR ECONOMY.

CHAPTER 10 MEXICO SECTION 2 PAGE 227-231 I. HISTORY OF MEXICO A) AZTEC EMPIRE OF THE 1400’S 1) LOCATED IN SOUTH CENTRAL MEXICO 2) TENOCHTITLAN WAS IT’S CAPITAL (WORLD’S LARGEST CITY?) 3) OVER 60,000 AZTECS IN THIS CITY TRADING.

B) SPANISH CONQUEST 1519-1521 1) SPANISH SOLDIER (CONQUISTADOR) HERNAN CORTES CONQUERS AZTEC EMPIRE 2) CLAIMS TERRITORY FOR SPAIN—CALLED IT NEW SPAIN

C) NEW SPAIN—MADE UP OF FOUR SOCIAL GROUPS 1) PENINSULARES—PEOPLE BORN IN SPAIN, WEALTHY LEADERS 2) CRILLOS—PEOPLE OF SPANISH ANCESTORS BORN IN MEXICO OR THE AMERICAS 3) MESTIZOS—PEOPLE OF MIXED RACES (SPANISH AND NATIVE PEOPLE) 4) NATIVES—RANKED LOWEST, SOMETIMES ENSLAVEDWORKED ON SPANISH ESTATES OF LAND CALLED HACIENDAS ***ECOMIENDA==A SYSTEM WHERE LANDOWNERS CONTROLLED SLAVES

II) ROAD TO DEMOCRACY A) THE HIDALGO REVOLUTION 1) CRILLOS DID NOT LIKE PENINSULARES 2) CRILLO PRIEST MIGUEL HIDALGO STARTS A REVOLUTION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jv3MaXk9yeM a) Mexico becomes independent from Spain by 1821 3) FOREIGN INVESTORS IN MEXICO HELPED COUNTRY GROW, BUT ONLY A FEW GOT ANY WEALTH

B) MEXICAN REVOLUTION OF 1900’S 1) 1910-1920—PEASANTS REBELLED AGAINST MILITARY RULERS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HqTFvCtVgI 2) DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT CREATED 3) GOVERNMENT CONTROLLED BY 2 POLITICAL PARTIES a) Institutional Revolutionary Party (IRP) 1920-2000 b) National Action Party (PAN) 2000-2009 1) President Vicente Fox (2000-2006) 2) Felipe Calderon (2006)

III SOCIAL CONDITIONS TODAY A) TRY TO PRESERVE HERITAGE 1) SPANISH AS OFFICIAL LANGUAGES 2) FREEDOM OF RELIGION-(MOST ARE ROMAN CATHOLIC)

B) BREAKING UP THE 8000 HACIENDAS—LAND REDISTRIBUTION 1) BROKEN INTO EJIDOS__FARMLAND OWNED BY A COMMUNITY a) Practice Subsistent Farming—growing enough to survive. 2) 1/3 OF ALL FARMS ARE COMPANY OR COMMERCIAL FARMS CALLED LATIFUNDIAS.

C) MANY PEOPLE ARE UNABLE TO MAKE THEIR FARMS WORK 1) BECOME MIGRANT WORKERS —PEOPLE WHO TRAVEL FROM PLACE TO PLACE TO HELP HARVEST CROPS FOR A WAGE. a) Many cross legally and Illegally into the U.S. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fM6OyXHp3gk

D) URBAN / CITY LIFE 1) 3/4 OF MEXICO’S POPULATION LIVE IN CITIES ** MEXICO CITY THE LARGEST a. Better Job Opportunities b. More Educational Opportunities c. More Excitement 2) SOCIAL CLASSES OF MEXICO’S CITIES. a) Upper Class—Wealthy, Educated, b) Middle Class—Gov’t. workers, Business Owners, Professionals c) Lower Class—Largest class, uneducated farm workers.

IV. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES A. NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA) 1) Eliminates all trade barriers between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. 2) Decreases unemployment, increases industry

B. MAJOR INDUSTRIES OF MEXICO 1) OIL INDUSTRY a) Controlled by PEMEX—Gov’t owned oil company http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inXpyaPvdu0&feature=related b) Huge Reserves off coast of TAMPICO.

2) TOURISM. a) Resort cities of ACAPULCO and CANCUN b) SMOKELESS industry—causes no pollution

3) MAQUILADORAS-Border Industries between U.S. & Mexico a) Build products sold mostly in the U.S. b) Increased Employment and wages for people along the border. c) Caused an increase in Pollution. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qA9BLyplhJw

THE GROWING MEXICAN DRUG INDUSTRY MEXICO HAS BEEN A GROWING SOURCE OF DRUG “CARTELS”. THESE ORGANIZATIONS ARE MOVING DRUGS INTO THE U.S. AND AROUND THE WORLD. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyDHNeJxazU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EFsFAoAEMw