Volcanoes. I. Molten rock A. Magma- beneath the Earth’s surface.

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Presentation transcript:

Volcanoes

I. Molten rock A. Magma- beneath the Earth’s surface

I. Molten rock B. Lava- magma that extrudes onto the surface of the Earth

Lava

C. Types of Lava 1. Pahoehoe- (pa-ho-ay-ho-ay)  freely flowing lava  forms a thin skin with wrinkles  looks like twisted rope when solid  Can walk on it if cool

Pahoehoe lava

C. Types of Lava 2. Aa- (ah-ah)  rough, jagged surface  dangerously sharp edges  walking on it very perilous !

Aa lava

D. Different types of Cones 1. Shield Volcanoes a. built by a steady supply of very fluid basaltic lava. b. Have a broad, gently sloping cone that resembles a shield. c. E.g. Mauna Loa in Hawaii - largest volcano on earth

Shield Volcano

Shield Volcano - Mauna Loa

Shield volcano Mauna Loa

D. Different types of Cones 2.Cinder Cones a.very steep, but not high b. formed from explosive eruptions from a single vent. c. E.g. Sunset Crater- Arizona d. E.g. Paricutin- Mexico

Cinder Cone

Sunset Crater- Arizona

Paricutin- Mexico

Cinder Cone - Capulin Mtn.

3. Composite Cone

D. Different types of Cones 3.Composite Cone a. a.k.a. Stratovolcano b. erupts both lava and ash c. has a steep summit

Composite Cone Mt. Rainier

Composite Cone Mt. St. Helens

D. Different types of Cones 3.Composite Cone d. has gently sloping sides e. erupts explosively f. E.g. Mt. Vesuvius Mount Pele, Mt. St Helens Mt. St Helens Mt. Pinatubo

III. Craters A. formed at the central vent of an erupting volcano. B. Increase in size during eruptions

III. Craters

C. Calderas 1. Remnant of a volcano that erupted 2. very large crater > 5km in diameter

Caldera

Caldera

Caldera- Santorini, Italy

Caldera (location unknown)

Caldera – Kilauea (Hawaii)

III. Craters C. Calderas 3. E.g. Yellowstone National Park Park a. Remnant of a volcano that erupted 600,000 yrs ago. b. Hot springs, bubbling mud, steaming pools, geysers

Yellowstone National Park

Caldera - Yellowstone National Park

Caldera – Olympus Mons (Mars)

III. Craters C. Calderas 4. E.g.Bahia de Banderas a. The bay at Puerto Vallarta b. Outer edge - islands in bay c. Inner edge is the coastline d. Volcano no longer active

Bahia de Banderas