Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.1

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3 Growth –Physical changes in the body Height Weight Motor sensory adaptation Development of sex organs

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.4 Development –Increase in mental, emotional, and social capabilities Intellectual (cognitive) ability Variety in expression of emotions Ability to cope with complex situations Social and interpersonal skills

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.5 Key Terms Physical –Growth of the body Psychosocial –Psychological and social development Cognitive –Intellectual processes

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.6 Key Concepts Human needs vary throughout lifespan Generalizations help, but they are not absolutes Consider each patient as a unique individual

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.7 Life Stages Time frames for studying growth and development Start at conception and end with death Certain changes and needs characterize each stage

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.8 Erik Erikson Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development –Do not include physical aspects –Conflicts encountered in each stage –Resolving these conflicts advances person to next stage

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.9 Erik Erikson Psychosocial development can be delayed if conflict not resolved Process in continuous over a lifespan Stress can cause regression to an earlier stage

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.10 Prenatal Conception to birth Zygote Embryo stage Fetus Rapid physical growth No psychosocial stage

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.11 Infancy Birth to 1-year Neonate Infant Physical growth Cognitive skills Trust versus mistrust

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.12 Toddler 1 to 3 years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.13 Preschooler 3 to 6 years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Initiative versus guilt

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.14 School-Age Child 6 to 12 years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Industry versus inferiority

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.15 Adolescence years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Identity vs. role confusion

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.16 Young Adulthood 20s and 30s Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Intimacy versus isolation

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.17 Middle Adulthood 40 to 65 years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Generativity versus stagnation Chronic illness more likely to appear

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.18 Later Adulthood Young-old –65 to 74 years Middle-old –75 to 84 years Old-old –85 years to death

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.19 Later Adulthood Old-old is also called frail elderly Future trends in viewing and caring for later adulthood patients

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.20 Later Adulthood Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Ego integrity versus despair

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.21 Care Considerations Do not assume Do not stereotype Each stage has different care needs All need respect, compassion, and empathy

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.22 Death and Dying Terminal illness Natural process –Last stage of human development Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Need for open communications Life review

Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.23 Stages of Dying Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance