Manufacturing in Gloucestershire Employment & Skills Issues April 2012 Ben Neild Assistant Director, SLIM

Manufacturing in the UK Source: UNCTAD In 2009, UK manufacturing sector generated some £140 billion in GVA. However, between 1990 to 2009, manufacturing’s contribution to UK GDP has fallen from 22% to just over 11%. This fall has been faster in the UK than in many other industrialised nations. Due to factors like: -off-shoring -out-sourcing -falling prices Manufacturing as a % of GVA in leading industrial countries,

Manufacturing in Glos Source: BRES There were approx 31,600 manufacturing employees in Glos in 2010, equivalent to 11.9% of total employment compared to 8.8% nationally. 2% of employment in Glos is in High-tech manufacturing, compared to 0.5% nationally. A further 3.4% is in medium high tech, compared to 2.9% nationally.

Manufacturing in Glos Source: LFS The decline in manufacturing GVA follows the national trend, although manufacturing still contributes 16.2% of GVA locally, significantly above the national and regional averages. Share of Total GVA accounted for by Manufacturing (%),

Manufacturing in Glos Source: SW Regional Accounts Manufacturing Businesses by sizeband, 2009

Higher Level Skills Source: Working Futures Employment in manufacturing is becoming more skills intensive. Employment by Occupation (% of employment), SEMTA, SW, 1987 & 2017

Workforce Skills Source: LFS The manufacturing workforce remains less well qualified than the workforce as a whole Employees by Qualification Level, Manufacturing vs All, South West, 2011

Workforce Skills Source: NESS 2009 Skills-shortage-vacancies (vacancies that employers cannot fill because they cannot find people with the right skills) are uncommon, accounting for less that 0.2% of total employment. Skills gaps (where people are reported as not being fully proficient in their current job) are common – reported by 20% of employers and as affecting 200,000 employees nationally. Skills missing are most commonly practical / technical & job-specific. Team- working and communication skills are also cited. They are most prevalent in Skilled Trades and among machine operatives. They can have significant impacts – e.g. increase in the workload for others (51% of employers); increased operating costs (37%); difficulties meeting quality standards (24%). 70% report that they are due to people lacking experience and / or having been recently recruited.

STEM Skills ‘Access to a skilled workforce, particularly science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) skills, is vital for the sector'. Plan for Growth, BIS / HM Treasury ‘A strong supply of people with science, technology, engineering and math's skills is important to promote innovation, exploit new technologies, produce world-class scientists and for the UK to compete internationally. The starting point is a good education for children and young people in science and math's’ National Audit Office (2010)

Young peoples’ attainment in science and maths Maths 83% of 11 year olds in Gloucestershire achieve the minimum standard, compared with 80% nationally 85% of 14 year olds in Gloucestershire achieve the minimum standard, compared with 81% nationally 70.5% achieve the standard required for the English Baccalaureate (primarily Maths GCSE at A* to C), compared with 65.8% nationally. Science 87% of 11 year olds in Gloucestershire achieve the minimum standard, compared with 85% nationally 86% of 14 year olds in Gloucestershire achieve the minimum standard, compared with 83% nationally 80% achieve the standard required for the English Baccalaureate, compared with 76.9% nationally.

GCSEs GCSE attempts in STEM-subjects, % of pupils, England All must study maths and science during Key Stage 4, but not everyone attempts GCSEs. The % attempting maths is stable, the % attempting science has been falling. However, more pupils are now doing triple science – a common basis for progression to A-level and degree level science.

A-levels A-level STEM-subject entries, England The rise in STEM A level entries (16%) is similar to that for all subjects (15%), but there are differences between subjects. Entries in Maths have grown most rapidly and are on track to meet the government target of 80,000 by 2014.

Higher level Both the University of Gloucestershire and Gloucestershire College provide HE. They collaborate to deliver ‘NEXUS’ - higher-level skills programmes for employers. The majority of STEM qualifications awarded (65% in 2008/09) by the University are in biological sciences. 15% were in computer science. There were no awards in engineering and technology. Between 2007/08 and 2010/11, the number of STEM acceptances by the University of Gloucestershire fell by 5%, while non-STEM subject acceptances grew by 4%. Over the same period, STEM acceptances grew by 26% nationally. However, many study at UWE, Cardiff, Birmingham and elsewhere. Be careful.

Higher Levels Skills Source: LFS In , nearly 43% per cent of first degree graduates from UK HEIs were in STEM-related subjects. However, of these graduates, less than 5% entered employment in the manufacturing sector, despite average wages in engineering comparing favourably to other professions. Plan for Growth, BIS / HM Treasury Nearly a quarter of UK engineering graduates are working in non-graduate jobs or unskilled work such as waiting and shop work. Prof Emma Smith, Uni Birmingham Only 19% of engineering and technology graduates find work in employment in manufacturing six months after graduating. While 23% of graduates in the mathematical sciences find work in finance, only 4% find work in manufacturing HESA Statistics

Employer Support for STEM Learning Source: LFS A 2011 CBI Survey of 566 employers re their involvement in STEM, found that business “recognises that it has a key role to play in supporting schools raise achievement and improve performance”. 67% of employers responding said they had built links with secondary schools 36% had increased their school engagement activity over the last year. 63% provided work experience for pupils 48% supported careers advice and/or talks 28% provided school governors. 38% of science, engineering and IT focused firms engaged with schools in schemes which promote subject study (for example, take part in STEMNET). STEM employers are more likely than other employers to offer this type of support (25%). There was an appetite to play a greater role in delivering careers advice, with 54% stating that they would be willing to do more.

Perceptions of STEM careers 68% of adults think that “jobs in science are very interesting”, compared to 61% of young people aged 16 to 24 61% of adults agree that “jobs in engineering are very interesting”, compared to 48% of young people which “highlights the challenge of increasing numbers working in STEM, even when the UK public as a whole finds jobs in STEM sectors attractive” There are also more hopeful signs, e.g. a higher % of young people viewed engineering as offering a well-paid career A smaller percentage of young people agreed with the statement that “engineering is a dying industry in the UK”. Dep't of Business Innovation & Skills, 2011