UNIT 4 EXTENSION Solutions and Solubility. What is a solution? solution homogeneous A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances. evenly.

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Presentation transcript:

UNIT 4 EXTENSION Solutions and Solubility

What is a solution? solution homogeneous A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances. evenly distributed  Homogeneous: a mixture that is uniform throughout; the particles are evenly distributed

Parts of a solution A solution contains at least 2 components:  Solute  Solute: the substance being dissolved; example: salt  Solvent  Solvent: substance doing the dissolving; it is the major component in the solution; example: water

Universal Solvent universal solvent Water is known as the universal solvent because so many different substances can dissolve in water. Are there substances that do not dissolve in water?  Yes! Examples:  Sand  Plastic  Cotton  Rubber

Solutions any 2 phases (solid, liquid, or gas) mixed together A solution can be any 2 phases (solid, liquid, or gas) mixed together Examples:  Brass  Brass: solution of zinc metal (s) dissolved in copper metal (s)  Alloy  Alloy: solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals  Pop  Pop: carbon dioxide (gas) dissolved in water (l)  Vinegar  Vinegar: acetic acid (l) dissolved in water (l)

Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper

Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper

Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper

Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper

Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper

Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper

Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper

Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper

Solubility  Solubility  Solubility: the maximum quantity of a solute (in grams) that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent (in grams) at a specified temperature.

Concentration Concentration Concentration: how much solute is in a solution  Concentrated solution  Concentrated solution: large amount of solute  Dilute solution  Dilute solution: a small amount of solute Which solution is more concentrated?

Concentration Unsaturated solution Unsaturated solution: a solution that can dissolve more solute Saturated solution Saturated solution: a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at the given temperature Supersaturated solution Supersaturated solution: solution that holds more solute than it normally would at a cooler temperature.

3 Factors that Affect Dissolving Increase surface area Increase surface area makes the solute dissolve more quickly.

3 Factors that Affect Dissolving Stirring Stirring: moves dissolved solute away so the rest can interact with the solvent

3 Factors that Affect Dissolving Increase the temperature (Kinetic Energy) Increase the temperature (Kinetic Energy): particles move faster and collide more often dissolving solute faster  Most gases become less soluble in water as the temperature increases.

Methods to Separate Mixtures Evaporation or Distillation Evaporation or Distillation: Uses boiling points

Methods to Separate Mixtures Magnetism Magnetism: ideal for separating solids in which one of them has magnetic properties

Methods to Separate Mixtures Centrifuge Centrifuge: uses density where layers are formed based on density of materials

Methods to Separate Mixtures Filtering Filtering: separates large particles from smaller ones

Methods to Separate Mixtures Chromatography Chromatography: The various components of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate.  Example: Paper Chromatography