Cell Structure and Function

Objective: to be able to identify cell organelles and their functions Warm up: how does cell structure relate to cell function? How can this relationship be seen between different organisms? Hint: Smooth muscle cell of a human Smooth Muscle cell of a cow

Cell Structure determines cell function ANSWER Cell Structure determines cell function Cells that have similar functions in different organisms tend to have similar structures

What is a Cell? Cells are defined as the smallest working unit of living things Cell of a corn plant

Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Cells are the smallest working units of living things All cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division

Types of cells Eukaryote- has membrane bound organelles and nucleus Example (humans) Prokaryote- do not have a nucleus Example (bacteria) “The Staph”: MRSA Bacteria

Organelles Specialized structures that perform specific functions within eukaryotic cells Means “ tiny organs”

Types of Organelles The Nucleus- the control center of the cell Contains: Nucleolus- dark spot in the center of the nucleus makes ribosomes Chromosomes- DNA and genetic information

Cell Membrane Regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell Semi-permeable- some things are allowed in and out some are not “The gate keeper” Helps maintain cell shape Made of lipids

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Transportation network carries, vesicles to be secreted 2 types Rough ER- has ribosomes, makes proteins Smooth ER- Synthesizes lipids, no ribosomes

Ribosomes Made of RNA and Protein The “Protein factories” of the cell, linking together amino acids

Golgi Apparatus Stack of membranes Modifies, packages and sorts proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosomes Found only in animal cells Filled with enzymes that breakdown certain materials in the cell Example: Old worn out organelles

Vacuoles Transports and stores nutrients, waste and water Small -in animal cells Large – in plant cells

Contractile Vacuole Remove excess water from the cell by “squeezing” it out Found in Paramecium

Mitochondria “The Powerhouse of the cell” Makes energy for the cell

Chloroplast Contains Chlorophyll (green color) Makes food for plants Found only in plants and algae

Cell Wall Found in plants, bacteria, and fungi Protective outer covering that helps give plants their structure Made of cellulose

Objective: to be able to identify cell organelles and their functions Date: 11/14/07 Objective: to be able to identify cell organelles and their functions Warm up: How is the cell membrane like a “gate keeper”? How does the cell membrane’s function contribute to Homeostasis? Agenda: -Finish power point notes -Prep for Friday in class project

The cell membrane is Semi-permeable only allowing certain things in and out. The cell membrane contributes to Homeostasis because it regulates what enters and exits the cell allowing it to maintain a balanced state.

Cytoplasm Jelly like material inside cell membrane Where chemical reactions take place in the cell

Cytoskeleton Made of microtubules and microfilaments Helps the cell maintain its shape Involved in forms of cell movement

Centrioles Aid in animal cell division

Cilia and Flagella Aid in movement Flagellum Cilia

Move with a beating action. Cilia- Short, numerous, hair-like projections from the plasma membrane. Move with a beating action. Flagella- Longer, less numerous projections from the plasma membrane. Move with a “whip-like” action. Cilia animation

Summarizer Name the numbered organelles 1-8 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5