Inherited Diseases Genetic diseases passed from parents to child before birth.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Human Genetic Disorders
Advertisements

Honors Biology Genetic Disorders.
Sickle Cell Anemia Blood disorder, inherited disease where a person inherits a mutant gene form each parent for the manufacture of hemoglobin. Red blood.
Biology I By Michelle Nelson
KARYOTYPE AND GENETIC DISORDERS
NOTES 24 – Genetic Disorders and Hereditary Diseases
 What’s a “mutagen”?  What does a mutation do to DNA?  If a mutation affects a gene, then what might happen to the protein sequence?
Human Genetic Disorders
Genetic Disorders Problem Pregnancies.
Human Genetics.
Genetic Disorders and Birth Defects. Cleft lip/pallet Affects: anyone, more common in asians and native americans When appears: birth Method of inheritance:
Pedigree definition  Pedigree: a family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations  Pedigrees are usually used when parents.
BIOLOGY BINGO GENETICS. HemophiliaDominant Color-blindnessCarrier Cystic fibrosisPKU Tay-sachsHuman blood Klinfelters syndromeGenetics Sickle cell anemiaAlleles.
Ch 20 Lesson 2 From Generation to Generation. Things to do before we start class…  Take out Prenatal Development Worksheet.
The Human Genome Karyotype  Mapped out picture of chromosomes arranged in their homologous pairs.  46 chromosomes in human genome  23 pairs on karyotype.
Human Heredity  This section explains what scientists know about human chromosomes, as well as the inheritance of certain human traits and disorders.
ABO Blood Groups and Genetic Disorders
Chapter 11 Rock for a Cause. Emily Schaller She has cystic fibrosis A genetic disease she inherited from her parents Takes a cocktail of drugs and vitamins.
How Do Chromosomes Carry Information? Image courtesy of Dr. Sinnamon, Dean College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Wesleyan University.
Chapter 15: Human Genetics
Human Genetic Disorders Biology. Mutations Sometimes genes are damaged or copied incorrectly. A change in a gene is called a mutation. Mutations are a.
Inheritance and Human Genetics
End Show Slide 1 of 43 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–1 Human Heredity 14-1 Human Heredity.
Inherited Diseases and Chromosomes Genetic diseases passed from parents to child before birth.
Pedigree Used to show how a particular trait is passed from one generation to the next in a family.
How Do Chromosomes Carry Information? Image courtesy of Dr. Sinnamon, Dean College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Wesleyan University.
HUMAN HEREDITY OBJECTIVES: 14.1
Human Heredity Chapter 14-1, 14-2, 14-3.
Pedigree definition  Pedigree: a family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations  Pedigrees are usually used when parents.
Genetic Disorders What is a Genetic Disorder? Caused by abnormalities in an individual’s genetic material (the DNA, or the genome). There are four different.
Genetic Disorders.
Generation to Generation Chromosomes: Tiny structures with in the nuclei of cells that carry information about heredity traits. ~Cells in the body contain.
Heredity and Genetics. Every person inherits traits such as hair and eye color as well as the shape of their earlobes from their parents. Inherited traits.
Human Genetic Disorders
Genetic Diseases & Disorders Biology Huntington’s disease-- lethal genetic disorder resulting in a breakdown in areas of the brain. Onset occurs between.
Human Genetic Disorders
Heredity and Genetics (2:39) Click here to launch video Click here to download print activity.
Human Genetic Disorders Notes. What causes genetic disorders? Mutations, or changes in a person’s DNA.
Other Diseases & Disabilities
 Most traits are neither harmful or helpful ◦ Ex. Blood type – there is no advantage or disadvantage to having A or B blood type  Some are helpful ◦
Human Genetic Disorders Every cell in the human body has 46 chromosomes except for gametes, egg sperm cells, which contain 23 or the haploid number. Human.
Genetic Diseases & Disorders Biology Genetics Diseases outline Dominant 1. Huntington’s Recessive 1. Cystic fibrosis 2. Sickle-cell anemia 3. Tay-Sachs.
Human Genetic Disorders. Genetic Disorders Major types of genetic disorders: Autosomal Single genes Multiple genes Sex-linked Chromosome abnormalities.
Human Genetic Disorders Human Genetics and Genetic Technology.
Genetic Disorders Cystic Fibrosis
Pedigrees 4/13/2010 Pedigrees The risks of passing on a genetic disorder to offspring can be assessed by genetic counseling, prenatal testing, and by.
Inherited Diseases © 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Medical Detectives.
MUTATIONS B-4.8 Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes.
Inherited Diseases Medical Detectives
Inherited Genetic Disorders & Pedigrees
Genetic Disorders.
Warmup 5/12/16: Turn in U8 Qualifier and signed progress report to the folder at your station Next, complete the Pedigree Review Worksheet.
ABO Blood Groups and Genetic Disorders
Human Inheritance Chapter 12.
Human Genetic Disorders
Inherited Diseases Medical Detectives
Human Heredity.
Genetic Disorders.
Mrs. Jacobs Unit 6: Genetic Abnormalities IN 149
Genetics of Parenthood Quiz
Inherited Diseases Medical Detectives
Human Genetic Disorders
HUMAN GENETICS What can go wrong? Chromosome Gene Mutations Mutations.
Genetic Disorders Clip 49.
Inherited Diseases Medical Detectives
Single gene disorders Autosomal disorders.
Inheritance of Genetic Traits
Inherited Diseases Medical Detectives
Presentation transcript:

Inherited Diseases Genetic diseases passed from parents to child before birth

Examples of Inherited Diseases Tay Sachs Hemophilia Cystic Fibrosis Huntington’s Disease Polycystic Kidney Disease Hemachromatosis Sickle Cell Disease

Tay Sachs What is it? A metabolic disease caused by the lack of an enzyme to efficiently breakdown fatty acid. What is the outcome? Severe neurological disorders with death usually occurring before age 4. What are the symptoms? Loss of motor skills. Loss of muscle tone. Listlessness and Irritability.

Hemophilia What is it? A metabolic disease caused by the lack of a protein necessary to efficiently clot blood. What is the outcome? Prone to excessive bleeding, but modern drug therapy can lessen effect. What are the symptoms? Bruise easily. Blood slow to clot.

Cystic Fibrosis What is it? A disease caused by the production of abnormal, thick, sticky mucus. What is the outcome? Death caused by lung infections usually before age 35. What are the symptoms? Coughing and wheezing. Diarrhea. Chronic lung infections.

Huntington’s Disease What is it?A progressive disease caused by the deterioration of nerve cells in the brain. What is the outcome? Continual decline in mental and physical ability; death usually occurs 15 to 20 years after onset. What are the symptoms? Difficulty walking. Uncontrollable body movements. Memory and cognitive impairment.

Polycystic Kidney Disease What is it? A disease caused by the development of fluid-filled growths called cysts inside the kidney. What is the outcome? Dialysis or a kidney transplant may eventually be required. What are the symptoms? Blood in urine. Lower back pain. Kidney stones.

Hemachromatosis What is it?A metabolic disease caused by the over absorption of iron. What is the outcome? Damage to multiple organs due to excess iron. What are the symptoms? Joint pain. Fatigue. Heart problems.

Sickle Cell Disease What is it?A metabolic disease caused by the production of deformed hemoglobin. What is the outcome? Death in middle age due to increased risk of stroke, heart attack, and infection. What are the symptoms? Fatigue. Yellow colored skin—Jaundiced. Increased number of infections.

How Are Diseases Inherited? Passed from parent to child in the genetic material in the same way that all traits are passed to the next generation.

What Is Genetic Material? Genetic material refers to the chemical molecules that encode all the instructions cells need to function. These instructions are passed on to the next generation when cells reproduce. Reproductive cells carry the genetic material to create a new organism.

Human Reproductive Cells Egg: Produced by females in the ovary. Sperm: Produced by males in the testis. Both types of cells carry the genetic material needed to form a new human.

Egg Cell Used with permission Scott Kaplan, Pacific Fertility Center

Sperm Cells Used with permission of Sandra Caudle, Calhoun Community College html

What Causes Inherited Diseases? Genetic material of a cell is changed causing a change in the cell’s and ultimately the body’s function which lead to a disease. The changed genetic material is passed from parents to child.

Reproductive Cells and Chromosomes Chromosomes contain the genetic material. Each reproductive cell contains one copy of each of the 23 human chromosomes.

Fertilization Sperm cell fuses with egg cell. The nucleus of the sperm cell is injected into the egg cell. After the sperm fertilizes the egg, a zygote containing 23 pairs of chromosomes is formed.

Early Zygote Used with the permission of Richard Sherbahn, MD. Advanced Fertility Center of Chicago Nuclei from egg and sperm fusing

What Are Chromosomes? Complex structures found in the nucleus of cells. Different types of organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Number of chromosomes does not indicate complexity of the organism.

Number of Chromosomes in Cells from Different Animals Human46 Dog78 Cat38 Horse64 Cow60 Sheep54 Microsoft Office Clip Art