The History of Ireland

Purpose/Objectives Introduce important points about ancient Irish history Use hyperlinks and video to enhance understanding of significant historical events and people Provide a foundation for future analysis of (1) Irish history (post 1800) and (2) the role Irish played in shaping the fabric of American culture

The Physical Features Location Other countries that would effect Ireland’s history?Other countries Advantages? Disadvantages?

The Earliest People 4 th Century –mainly consisted of various tribes –never claimed under the Roman Empire Eventually the tribes established provinces Each province had: –King (Chief) –Professional jurists who administered laws

Saint Patrick’s Early Life Born in Scotland in 387 At age 16, he was taken captive –Became a Chief’s slave in County Antrim –He learned the Celtic customs and language After six years he escaped and made his way back to Britain –Began his life as a missionary in the Catholic Church

Saint Patrick’s Return to Ireland Saint Patrick returned to Ireland in the summer of 433 Speaking the native Gaelic, he began converting the natives to Catholicism –He used the shamrock to explain the Catholic belief in the Holy Trinity Saint Patrick traveled throughout Ireland establishing Churches and spreading his religion Saint Patrick died on March 17, 493 (461?) in Ireland There were no snakes!!!!!no snakes

Vikings Invade Vikings invaded Ireland from the 8 th – 10 th centuryinvaded They raided monasteries along the coast for: –Goods –Livestock –Slaves Primarily from Norway and Denmark The Viking ships provided a quick and efficient means of attack Click on the image above for embedded video

The Vikings Look to Stay Eventually the Vikings established trading posts –Limerick, Cork, Waterford, Dublin The Irish were able to reclaim some cities (Dublin 917) Over time, the Vikings blended into the Irish culture –Became merchants, seaman, and military allies

The English Attack In the 12 th century Anglo-Norman (British) groups began to invade Ireland –Needed land for a growing kingdom –Various nobility looked to claim land The English established their own laws and created a parliament Countries like Scotland attempted to help remove the English, but the Anglo-Norman numbers continued to grow

The English Flex Their Muscles King Henry VII established strict laws for Ireland under British rule –No traditional Irish laws –Must follow English laws –No assembly of the Irish military –All laws of the Irish Parliament t had to be approved by the King

The Question of Religion Henry VIII attempted to transform Ireland from a Catholic country to an Anglican country –Queen Mary I –Elizabeth –James I All forced the Anglican religion on the Irish

Oliver Cromwell English statesman in 1649English statesman Invaded Ireland with his army (10,000 men) –Executed 2,000 Irish in Drogheda –Stormed Wexford Reclaimed lands in Ireland for the English Banished Catholic landowners –Gave the land to the Protestant army

Laws to Crush Irish Trade England passed the Penal Laws –The Irish could not export Cattle Milk Butter Cheese Wool Effects of this law?

The Effects of Worldwide Revolution Catholics allied with the French The Irish Parliament remained Protestant There existed a need for lasting peace William Pitt (English Prime Minister) helped pass the Act of Union –Why would Pitt help Ireland?

The 1801 Act of Union Ireland joined Great Britain to form the United Kingdom Free trade Anglican was the official religion of Ireland Ireland had its own Courts No Catholics could hold office

Life After The Act of Union Catholics hated the Act Robert Emmet (1823) led an uprising Results –Catholics could hold office (1828) –Formation of The Catholic Association Bad blood continued between the Catholics and Protestants

Works Cited "About Saint Patrick's Day." DLTKs DLTKs Sites. 20 Jan Bloy, Marjie. "Britain and Ireland " The Victorian Web. Apr Jan Grigoriev, S A., and Y V. Vasina. "The Megalithic Structures of Vera Island in Turgoyak Lake, Southern Urals." 28 Nov Jan Luby, Damian. "Ireland." Ireland on the Net. 2 Dec.-Jan Jan "Map of Ireland." Backpack New Zealand. 20 Jan Moran, Patrick F. "St. Patrick." New Advent. 1 Jan.-Feb The Catholic Encyclopedia. 20 Jan "Oliver Cromwell." The Cromwell Association Cromwell Association and the Cromwell Museum Huntingdon. 20 Jan Viking Warriors. Discovery Channel School unitedstreaming. 24 January 2008 Walsh, Dennis. "Ireland - the Viking Era." Ireland's History in Maps. Feb Jan