World History: The Earth and its Peoples Chapter 29 The Collapse of the Old Order,

Objectives Be able to explain how the Soviet Union changed under Stalin and at what cost. Understand the main causes of the Second World War. Explain how the war was fought and understand why Germany and Japan lost.

End of the ‘Artificial Normalcy’ The ‘Steel’ Revolution –Lenin (1924) & Trotsky (1925) –Joseph Stalin Goal: industrialization –Communist power 1 st Five-Years Plan – –electricity / heavy industry –collectivization of agriculture »Goal: control peasants »‘outdoor factories’ –Kulaks »‘prosperous’ peasants »resistant »“liquidation” – 8M 2 nd Five-Years Plan – –armaments production –NKVD »“party disloyalty” »“Old Bolsheviks” –Results fast industrialization World: “planned economy needed”

End of the ‘Artificial Normalcy’ The Depression –Oct. 24, –N.Y. Stock Exchange > world –Causes speculative ‘bubble’ –Effects US –loss of sales –business cutbacks and layoffs –25% unemployment –loan calls –Smoot-Hawley Act World –default on war loans/reparations –drop in trade (62%) Industrial vs. non-Industrial –self-sufficiency

End of the ‘Artificial Normalcy’ Rise of Fascism –WWI embitterment / Communism –rising unemployment fasci di combattimento –Italy: Black Shirts –Germany: Brown Shirts demands / intimidation –anti-modernity return to ‘simpler’ ways –charismatic leaders spellbinding orators –blame game glorify nationalism Benito Mussolini – Italy Adolf Hitler - Germany

Charisma

End of the ‘Artificial Normalcy’ Benito Mussolini – Il Duce –Fascist Party – 1921 –march on Rome Prime Minister –propaganda “Il Duce is always right” war, violence, and struggle Adolf Hitler – The Fuhrer –National Socialists – Nazis –Munich Uprising – 1924 Mein Kampf –Goals Treaty of Versailles Aryan unity –survival of the fittest Lebensraum –keys to power unemployment / Communism –German Chancellor

The Road To War - Europe Testing The ‘Waters’ 1933 – German withdrawal from L.O.N – German conscription 1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia 1936 – Rhineland 1938 – Germany ‘invades’ Austria 1938 – Munich Conference –Czechoslovakia annexation 1939 – Germany invades Czechoslovakia Reasons For ‘appeasement’ 1)Democratic yearnings for peace 2)Fear of communist spread 3)Novelty of Fascist tactics

The Road To War – East Asia Japan –conquer / colonize China militarization of Japan –Manchurian Incident – 1931 Manchukuo China –Chiang Kai-shek Guomindang –Mao Zedong reliance of peasantry guerilla warfare –Long March – 1934 Shaanxi Sino-Japanese War – –drain of Japanese economy –reliance on US