1 Web Server Administration Chapter 1 The Basics of Server and Web Server Administration

2 Web Server Administration Overview ISP Public Internet Internal Users Web Services LANWAN

3 Is everything on the Internet a web service? Officially, where the Internet uses the HTTP protocol, it is called the Web Web servers use HTTP to communicate Web clients are called browsers Browsers have come to offer much more than HPPT Is it available through a browser?

4 Web Services and Applications Include Web Sites (Static and Dynamic) FTP DNS (Now that all servers provide web-based clients) Application servers Synchronous communications

5 Web server Administration Depending on the size of the organization, some tasks may be delegated Web page development Database design Programming administration Security

6 Providing Web Services to Users… 1.…requires a applications and protocols 2.These are written in web programming languages 3.If content is dynamic a DBMS is required 4.All of this sits on a platform 5.… connected to the world 6.…and secured by firewalls and access control policies.

7 Applications and Protocols Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Web servers implement this protocol Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Used by servers (and sometimes Web servers) to send Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) Used to retrieve Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) Used to connect to a mail server

8 Applications and Protocols File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Transfers files to and from server Domain Name Service (DNS) Translates host names to IP addresses and IP addresses to host names Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Provides error messages

9 Key Protocols Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Creates a reliable connection between two computers User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Does not establish a connection, just sends messages Internet Protocol (IP) Provides addressing scheme

10 Web Programming Languages Web server administrators need to install programming languages Web developers use a variety of languages Active Server Pages (ASP) Original language from Microsoft ASP.Net A newer environment that includes many languages Java Server Pages (JSP)

11 Web Programming Languages Non-Microsoft languages are popular, even on Microsoft Web servers Perl – one of the first and still popular PHP – easy to use Java Server Pages (JSP) Macromedia ColdFusion

12 DBMS A database management system (DBMS) is used to store data used with Web pages Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL are sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites Standard Query Language (SQL) is the language used to communicate with the DBMS

13 What is a Platform? Windows NT (IIS 4) IIS (Internet Information Server) was added in the mid-1990s, and support for ASP was added later Windows 2000 (IIS 5) IIS part of the OS from the beginning.NET Framework add-on allows use of ASP.NET Windows Server 2003 (IIS 6).NET Framework integrated into OS

14 Other Microsoft Server Products Application Center Allows you to manage a cluster of servers as if it is one server Biztalk Server Connects to your business partners using XML Commerce Server Builds e-commerce sites in a short amount of time Internet Security and Acceleration Server Combines a firewall product with a Web cache Operations Manager Helps decrease support costs for a server environment SharePoint Portal Server Set up a site that is highly personalized

15 Apache on UNIX/Linux UNIX was introduced in 1969 Linux is from the early 1990s Based on MINIX Three basic components Kernel – central portion of OS File system – provides input and output mechanisms Shell – provides user interface

16 Apache on Linux Source code is freely available Developers can make changes Available from a number of organizations Red Hat Mandrake SuSe

17 Connecting Your LAN to the Internet Your ISP connects to the Internet A WAN connection is used between your building and the ISP A T-Carrier connection is often used A digital connection for voice and data

18 Connecting to the Internet

19 Common T-Carrier Connections

20 Other ways to Connect to the Internet Integrated services digital network (ISDN) Dial-up access Basic Rate Interface (BRI) up to 128 Kbps Primary Rate Interface (PRI) up to Mbps Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Often differing speeds for uploads and downloads Depending on type, up to 6.1 Mbps for downloads and Mbps for uploads Cable Modem Shared access cable provided by cable TV company

21 Web Hosting Options Standard hosting Your site resides on the same computer with many other sites Cheapest solution Dedicated server You have a server that only you use Co-location Your own server is physically located at the company that does your Web hosting

22 Establishing Access Control Users need just enough access to do their jobs, but not more Typically, users are organized into groups, and groups are given access to network resources Users can be given different access to the same resources A document can be read by everyone but modified by only specific people