 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to 1000 C.E. by:  Explaining disputes that led to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church  Assessing the impact of Byzantine influence and trade on Russia and Eastern Europe  Essential Questions  What factors produced the division within the Christian church?  Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much influence on religion, culture, and trade in Russia and Eastern Europe?

 Eastern Christianity built on works of early fathers  Saint Basil Wrote rules for monks  Saint John Chrysostom Patriarch of East  Patriarchs had to bow to emperor  Controversy in 8 th century  Emperor Leo III banned use of icons Called it idol worship  Army and iconoclasts started destroying icons  Pope excommunicated Byzantine Emperor  Not until 843 C.E. are icons restored to Eastern churches  The Great Schism The Great Schism  Divide continues to grow  1054 C.E. the Pope and patriarch excommunicated each other over a dispute in religious doctrin  Led to permanent split or schism in church

Western Church Roman Catholic Eastern Church Eastern Orthodox Centered in Rome Pope has authority over Bishops Centered in Constantinople Patriarch and other bishops share authority Farther away from the seat of power once Constantinople became capital Close to the seat of power once Constantinople became the capital Latin is spoken in the Liturgy (church services) Greek is spoken in the liturgy (church services) Pope has authority over Kings and emperors Emperor has authority over Patriarch and bishops Priests can’t marry Divorce is not permitted Priests can marry Divorce is allowed under certain conditions

 Trade routes allowed for increased contact  Black Sea  Baltic Sea  Slavs began trading with Constantinople in 9 th century  Cultural diffusion occurred and Russian culture grew out of blending of Slavic and Greek traditions

 Missionaries spread religion eastward  Helped spread Orthodox Christianity to Eastern Europe and Russia  Two most successful missionaries  Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril Invented alphabet for Slavic language Could read bible in own tongues Called Cyrillic alphabet Helped spread religion further  Rise of Russia  Group called the Rus organized in 800s C.E. Most likely Vikings Nearby rivers allow trade Dneiper, Don, and Volga City of Kiev becomes center of Rus

 Kiev becomes Orthodox  Princess Olga visits Constantinople in 957 C.E. Converted to Christianity  Her grandson Vladmir Sent out teams to observe three major religions: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Report on Constantinople convinced Vladmir to convert to Eastern Orthodoxy 988 A.D. Married a Byzantine Princess Kiev became seat of an Orthodox Bishop

 Vladmir leads the way  Vladmir and his son expanded Kiev and consolidated power  Marriages helped form trading alliances with Western Europe  Decline began when empire was divided  Mongol Invasions  Invaded in 1200s Attacked and demolished Kiev  Mongol rule in Russia  After fall of Kiev Mongols ruled all of Southern Russia  Called the “Khanate of the Golden Horde”  Let Russians retain usual customs and tolerated religion Established city of Moscow  Demanded only obedience and tributes Eventually led to overthrow by “Russians”

Influences Church architecture and religious art Adoption of Greek alphabet to the Slavic languages by St. Cyril Trade routes between the Black Sea and Baltic Sea Adoption of Orthodox Christianity