WarmUp #4 According to our discussion on the setup of feudal manors, visually depict the landscape of a manor. i.e. draw/sketch a feudal manor  include.

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The Hundred Years’ War & The Plague

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Presentation transcript:

WarmUp #4 According to our discussion on the setup of feudal manors, visually depict the landscape of a manor. i.e. draw/sketch a feudal manor  include the estates for the lord include the living quarters for the vassals and/or knights include the church…& living quarters for the clergy reference previous notes and/or pgs. 382-386.

The Church & the Late Middle Ages

Role of the Catholic Church Church: unifying force in Europe the Great Schism split the Roman Catholic Church, from the (Eastern) Orthodox Church RC > Pope (bishop of Rome): head of church EO > Patriarch: head of church monks: men dedicated to God separated from society followed rule for each day (St. Benedict) lived in monasteries got $$$ from nobles nuns: female monks, who lived in abbeys missionary effort Western Europe converted by 1050 AD (St. Patrick)

Monastery/Abbey

Popes vs. Kings the popes were BOTH the religious & political authority: owned land in/around Rome (papal states) over time bishops/abbots: vassals to lords chosen for political, not spiritual reasons popes exercised more power than expected excommunication: kick people out of the Church

Catholic Church in High Middle Ages sacraments: receiving God’s grace taught as necessary for salvation Mary, the mother of Jesus = highest saint relics: physical objects from the saints worthy of worship (pieces of the cross, the head of John the Baptist etc.) pilgrimage to churches/monasteries that housed relics (Canterbury: Thomas a Becket) new orders of monks: Franciscan: followed Francis of Assisi vow of absolute poverty Dominican: followed Dominic de Guzman vowed to fight heresy (denying beliefs) Inquisition founded as Church court combated heresy

Franciscan & Dominican Monks

Decline of Church Power political ambitions of popes > clashes with kings conflict between pope & the king of France king of France…got French pope elected 1305-1377 popes lived in Avignon, France Pope Gregory XI back to Rome Italian pope elected next…French elect their own pope! Papal Schism 1378-1417: 2+ popes finally Council called…which deposed popes new pope was elected & followed weakened authority of the Church & the pope Jan Hus: Czech reformer, who called for end to corruption…was burned as a heretic!

Avignon Popes & Jan Hus

The Black Death Bubonic Plague began in 14th Century killed huge portions of population 1347-1351 AD: 38 million died total population: 75 million up to 60% of a town might die…whole villages unsure of causes…judgment from God? waves of anti-Semitism: hostility toward Jews economic consequences: lessened trade increased wages for labor decreased food prices virtually, ended serfdom

The Black Death

Joan of Arc: “Map Analysis”---pg. 421 Hundred Years’ War England owned land in France 1337: War between countries over the rightful king of France remember Eleanor of Aquitaine! English: knights but also relied on peasant soldiers with longbows 1415 Agincourt: huge victory for English King Henry V 1429 Joan of Arc: (French peasant girl) convinced French dauphin (crown prince) to let her lead the French army won Battle of Orleans became the symbol of hope/determination for the French 1430: English captured her & burned her as a heretic the French fought on & won the Hundred Years’ War, inspired by Joan of Arc as a martyr By 1453: French controlled their own territory Joan of Arc: “Map Analysis”---pg. 421

Political Recovery England: post-Hundred Years’ War: very weak…& in debt! no heir to throne > War of the Roses (civil war) Yorks vs. Lancasters “Princes in Tower” of London Richard III becomes king, as a result of their death finally Henry Tudor…married Elizabeth of York claimed throne as Henry VII Spain: struggle between Christian states & Muslim kingdoms 1469: Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon unifying Spain under Christian rule 1492: Spain kicked all Muslims & Jews out of country Spanish Inquisition “to be Spanish = to be Roman Catholic”

Spain & England