THE REFORMATION. Church Abuses Church in Worldly affairs Wars to Protect Papal States form Secular rulers Church also wanted to expand its own interests.

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Presentation transcript:

THE REFORMATION

Church Abuses Church in Worldly affairs Wars to Protect Papal States form Secular rulers Church also wanted to expand its own interests

Pope Julius II the Warrior Pope

Alexander VI the Borgia Pope

The Medici Popes Leo X Clement VII

Indulgences “ the lessening of time in purgatory” Usually granted for good deeds Sold for money Protests like Erasmus and John Wycliffe Jan Hus

Martin Luther Wittenberg, Germany Johann Tetzel offers indulgences for St. Peter in Rome 95 Theses

Firestorm Luther does not recant-calls for rejection of Rome Excommunicated by Pope Leo X Charles V labels him an outlaw

Protestants Luther’s writing spreads 1530 called Protestants Northern German princes see Luther as an excuse to throw off Pope and HRE

Teachings All Christians equal before God Bans indulgences, confession, pilgrimages and prayers to saints. Permits Clergy to marry and simplifies the services – no Latin

Peasants revolt *Luther does not support *Prefers social order & political obedience

Peace of Augsberg 1555 each Prince could decide religion Many in the North- Lutheran Many in the South- Catholic

John Calvin 1536 Predestination- God determined the salvation of people. Saints or Sinners

Calvinists 1541 Geneva set up a Theocracy ‘Chosen people’ set up a Christian Society

Anabaptists Explosion of Protestant Sects Some reject Baptism for infants Most Peaceful Baptists, Mennonites and Amish trace beliefs

English Henry VIII denounces Reformation However, needs a male heir Wants a divorce from Catherine of Aragon Henry and advisors seize the Church

Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragon

Anne Boleyn

Act of Supremacy Henry’s marriage annulled Marries Anne Boleyn Henry named Head of Church Some protest including Sir Thomas More

Wives Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour Anne of Cleves Katherine Howard Katherine Parr

Turmoil Convents and monasteries closed Henry dies in 1547 after being married 6 times 9 year old Edward VI he dies Mary Tudor becomes Queen and tries to return England to Catholic Bloody Mary

Elizabethan Settlement 1558 Mary Dies 25 year old Elizabeth daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn Compromise keeps unity in England

Catholic Reform Pope Paul III Council of Trent 1545 reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs Empowers the Inquisition to fight the Protestants

Jesuits Society of Jesus Ignatius- Order of strict training Spread the Catholic faith

Persecution Witch Hunts Jews moved into ghetto Jews migrate from Western Europe

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