The Middle Ages The Catholic Church & Feudalism

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By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY

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Presentation transcript:

The Middle Ages The Catholic Church & Feudalism Significance: Revival of Europe after Rome

AFTER ROME What problems would beset Europe following the collapse of the Roman Empire? List at least five problems…

NEW ORDER EMERGES Hard-won political order Restored after fall of the Roman Empire Invasions….depopulation Will be de-centralized… Local and regional rulers Slow…long process of economic recovery Increased agricultural production Increased trade routes Industry….commerce….re-urbanization Cultural unity Christian church based in Rome Papacy Monastic movement

Periodization… Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

Europe in the 6c

The Medieval Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. monasticism: St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

The Medieval Catholic Church The Catholic Church versus the rise of European kings…. Ties of the Roman Catholic Church to the European kings…. Crowning of kings by the pope “god’s selected ruler” Fear of ex-communication Power of the Church…. Pope Gregory VII - 1073 The pope can be judged by no one The Roman church has never erred and never will….till the end of time… He can dispose emperors; The pope alone can depose and restore bishops; He alone can call general councils and authorize canon law; All princes should kiss his feet…..

The Power of the Medieval Church bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

A Medieval Monk’s Day

A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

Illuminated Manuscripts

Romanesque Architectural Style Rounded Arches. Barrel vaults. Thick walls. Darker, simplistic interiors. Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagne’s Empire

Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

The Carolingian Renaissance

Carolingian Miniscule

The Rise of European Monarchies: England

Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

Carcassonne, France: A Medieval Castle

Parts of a Medieval Castle

The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

The Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

The "Renaissance" of the 12c

William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)

Evolution of England’s Political System Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer  dept. of royal finances. Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Evolution of England’s Political System Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer  dept. of royal finances. Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Magna Carta, 1215 Runnymeade “Great Charter” King John I Runnymeade “Great Charter” monarchs were not above the law. kings had to consult a council of advisors. kings could not tax arbitrarily.

The Beginnings of the British Parliament Great Council: middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. eventually called Parliament. by 1400, two chambers evolved: House of Lords  nobles & clergy. House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

Setting Out on Crusade

Medieval Universities

Oxford University

Late Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval Trade

Medieval Guilds Guild Hall Commercial Monopoly: Controlled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

Gothic Architectural Style Pointed arches. High, narrow vaults. Thinner walls. Flying buttresses. Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. Stained-glass windows. “Flying” Buttresses

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

Christian Crusades: East and West