The Protestant Reformation Applied World History

The Church During the Middle Ages The Catholic Church dominated people’s lives during the Middle Ages. The Catholic Church dominated people’s lives during the Middle Ages. The church became very involved in political affairs, including starting wars and fighting for money and other interests. The church became very involved in political affairs, including starting wars and fighting for money and other interests.

Popes and Priests Become Corrupt Popes and priests begin to live very extravagant lives. Popes and priests begin to live very extravagant lives. The church also increased the prices of services such as marriages and baptisms. The church also increased the prices of services such as marriages and baptisms. They used this money to beautify churches and other church properties. They used this money to beautify churches and other church properties.

The Church Sells Indulgences The Catholic Church during this time believed that souls too impure for heaven spent time in Purgatory. The Catholic Church during this time believed that souls too impure for heaven spent time in Purgatory. They believed indulgences could lessen this time. They believed indulgences could lessen this time. At first, people could get these indulgences through good deeds. At first, people could get these indulgences through good deeds. During the late Middle Ages, these could be bought with money. During the late Middle Ages, these could be bought with money.

Martin Luther Protests the Church Martin Luther was a Catholic monk and teacher of theology. Martin Luther was a Catholic monk and teacher of theology. He became upset with the corruption and worldliness of the church. He became upset with the corruption and worldliness of the church. It drove him nuts when a priest in Wittenberg offered indulgence to anyone who offered money for the rebuilding of St. Peter’s Cathedral. It drove him nuts when a priest in Wittenberg offered indulgence to anyone who offered money for the rebuilding of St. Peter’s Cathedral. These could even be used to get dead relatives of the giver into heaven. These could even be used to get dead relatives of the giver into heaven.

Luther Protests Luther nails 95 Theses, or complaints, to the door of the chapel in Wittenberg. Luther nails 95 Theses, or complaints, to the door of the chapel in Wittenberg. He argued against indulgences. He argued against indulgences. He said the pope couldn’t free souls from Purgatory. He said the pope couldn’t free souls from Purgatory. He also said Christians could only be saved through faith, not money. He also said Christians could only be saved through faith, not money.

Luther’s Ideas Spread Luther’s 95 Theses spread throughout Europe. Luther’s 95 Theses spread throughout Europe. He is called on to recant his views, instead, he says the Catholic church has no authority. He is called on to recant his views, instead, he says the Catholic church has no authority. He is excommunicated, or officially kicked out of the Catholic Church. He is excommunicated, or officially kicked out of the Catholic Church. He is called before the Pope at the Diet of Worms. He is made an outlaw by the pope. He is called before the Pope at the Diet of Worms. He is made an outlaw by the pope.

The Beliefs of Martin Luther He believed that everyone has the same access to God through faith and the Bible. He believed that everyone has the same access to God through faith and the Bible. He wanted ordinary people to be able to read the Bible. He translated it into German. He wanted ordinary people to be able to read the Bible. He translated it into German. He allowed the clergy to marry and simplified complicated rituals. He allowed the clergy to marry and simplified complicated rituals. He banned indulgences and wanted every town to have a school to teach children to read the Bible. He banned indulgences and wanted every town to have a school to teach children to read the Bible. His followers became known as “Protestants.” His followers became known as “Protestants.”

John Calvin and the Calvinists Calvin builds on Luther’s ideas. Calvin builds on Luther’s ideas. He preaches predestination, or the idea that who will be saved and who won’t be was decided long ago. He preaches predestination, or the idea that who will be saved and who won’t be was decided long ago. The world was divided into saints and sinners. The world was divided into saints and sinners.

Calvin Creates a Theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland Calvin creates a government run by church leaders. This is called a theocracy. Calvin creates a government run by church leaders. This is called a theocracy. There were strict punishments for fighting, swearing, laughing in church, or dancing. There were strict punishments for fighting, swearing, laughing in church, or dancing. They viewed themselves as a model for others. They viewed themselves as a model for others. Many new religious sects spring up in Europe. Many new religious sects spring up in Europe.

The Reformation in England In 1527, King Henry VIII (the eighth) of England was married to Catherine of Aragon. He wanted a male heir and only had a daughter, Mary Tudor. In 1527, King Henry VIII (the eighth) of England was married to Catherine of Aragon. He wanted a male heir and only had a daughter, Mary Tudor. Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn. He asked the pope to annul his marriage. The pope does not allow it. Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn. He asked the pope to annul his marriage. The pope does not allow it.

Henry Creates the Church of England Henry creates the Church of England, or the Anglican Church. Henry creates the Church of England, or the Anglican Church. He appoints his own head of this church, who grants his divorce. He appoints his own head of this church, who grants his divorce. He seizes land and money and property from the Catholic Church. He seizes land and money and property from the Catholic Church. Henry marries 6 times, but leaves just one son. Only two get beheaded. Henry marries 6 times, but leaves just one son. Only two get beheaded.

What Happens to the Wives? Catherine of Aragon: Divorced. Lived for three years after Henry divorced her in a series of lonely castles. Catherine of Aragon: Divorced. Lived for three years after Henry divorced her in a series of lonely castles. Anne Boleyn: Executed. The reason given was adultery. Anne Boleyn: Executed. The reason given was adultery. Jane Seymour. Died two weeks after giving birth to Henry’s son, Edward. Jane Seymour. Died two weeks after giving birth to Henry’s son, Edward. Anne of Cleves. Divorced. Married only seven months. Henry called her the “Flanders Mare.” Anne of Cleves. Divorced. Married only seven months. Henry called her the “Flanders Mare.” Kathryn Howard. She was 19, he was 49. Executed for adultery. Kathryn Howard. She was 19, he was 49. Executed for adultery. Katherine Parr. Widowed. Katherine Parr. Widowed.

Religious Turmoil Follows Henry’s Death Henry’s nine year old son Edward VI takes the throne. Henry’s nine year old son Edward VI takes the throne. He is a Protestant and there are uprisings against his changes in the church. He is a Protestant and there are uprisings against his changes in the church. He harshly suppresses these uprisings. He harshly suppresses these uprisings.

England Becomes Catholic Again After Edward dies in his teens, his half sister Mary Tudor became queen. After Edward dies in his teens, his half sister Mary Tudor became queen. She tried to make England Catholic again. She tried to make England Catholic again. Thousands of Protestants are burned at the stake. Thousands of Protestants are burned at the stake. This earns her the nickname “Bloody Mary.” This earns her the nickname “Bloody Mary.”

Elizabeth Makes Compromises After Mary dies, Elizabeth I becomes the Queen of England. After Mary dies, Elizabeth I becomes the Queen of England. She makes gradual changes and makes the Church of England more like the Catholic Church. She makes gradual changes and makes the Church of England more like the Catholic Church. She stops the killing between Catholics and Protestants. She stops the killing between Catholics and Protestants. She made England a Protestant country for good. She made England a Protestant country for good.

The Inquisition Throughout the rest of Europe, the Pope created the Inquisition, which was a Church court set up during the Middle Ages to get rid of Protestantism. Throughout the rest of Europe, the Pope created the Inquisition, which was a Church court set up during the Middle Ages to get rid of Protestantism. They used secret testimony, torture, and execution to get rid of Protestantism. They used secret testimony, torture, and execution to get rid of Protestantism.

Persecution Continues Throughout Europe Between 1450 and 1750, thousands of women died as the result of witch hunts throughout Europe. Between 1450 and 1750, thousands of women died as the result of witch hunts throughout Europe. These women were accused of practicing magical deeds, sometimes with the help of the devil. These women were accused of practicing magical deeds, sometimes with the help of the devil.

Discrimination Against Jews Jews were pressured to convert to Christianity. Jews were pressured to convert to Christianity. Luther called for them to convert or leave Christian lands. Luther called for them to convert or leave Christian lands. Some Jews were forced to live in ghettos in many cities. Some Jews were forced to live in ghettos in many cities. These are separated parts of cities. These are separated parts of cities. Religious tolerance was not common. Religious tolerance was not common.