Chapters 17 & 20 The Middle Ages.

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By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY

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Presentation transcript:

Chapters 17 & 20 The Middle Ages

Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

Europe in the 6c

W. Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire First major group to hold power after 476 – The Franks W. Europe power now based in Germany/France instead of Italy ***The Franks converted to Roman Catholic Christianity Leader Clovis rules from 481-511 Ensures Franks are dominant political & military power in W. Europe By becoming Christian – Franks get support from the Pope & millions of other Christians in W. Europe

Charlemagne Carolingians replace Franks in W. Europe, led by Charlemagne Re-est. Centralized rule in (briefly) in Europe Extended territory throughout Europe Diplomatic relations w/Byzantines, Abbasid Caliphate and others Local rule by counts - Missi Dominici used to keep them in line Crowned Emperor in 800 by Pope

Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagne’s Empire

Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

Viking Ships

Breakdown of Charlemagne’s Empire Vikings Magyars Muslims

Results? Europe breaks down into complete regionalism Many small, regional states and kingdoms carved out of W. Europe Feudalism becomes the dominant political/economic order New decentralized system in place Order is now placed at the local level

Feudalism A decentralized political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

Parts of a Medieval Castle

The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

The Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

The Medieval Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. monasticism: St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

The Power of the Medieval Church bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

A Medieval Monk’s Day

A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

Illuminated Manuscripts

Romanesque Architectural Style Rounded Arches. Barrel vaults. Thick walls. Darker, simplistic interiors. Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

Carolingian Miniscule

The Rise of European Monarchies: England

Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

The "Renaissance" of the 12c

William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)

Evolution of England’s Political System Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer  dept. of royal finances. Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Evolution of England’s Political System Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer  dept. of royal finances. Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Magna Carta, 1215 Runnymeade “Great Charter” King John I Runnymeade “Great Charter” monarchs were not above the law. kings had to consult a council of advisors. kings could not tax arbitrarily.

The Beginnings of the British Parliament Great Council: middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. eventually called Parliament. by 1400, two chambers evolved: House of Lords  nobles & clergy. House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

The Rise of European Monarchies: France

Gothic Architectural Style Pointed arches. High, narrow vaults. Thinner walls. Flying buttresses. Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. Stained-glass windows. “Flying” Buttresses

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

Setting Out on Crusade

Christian Crusades: East and West

Medieval Universities

Oxford University

Late Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval Trade

Medieval Guilds Guild Hall Commercial Monopoly: Controlled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

1. Summarize the content of the piece in 5 bullet points (as you would if you were doing document analysis on a DBQ) 2. What is the author’s point of view (why would he be writing something like this at this time / place?) 3. How does understanding his POV give us a better understanding of the time period?