Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain Movement- bones act as levers for.

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Presentation transcript:

Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain Movement- bones act as levers for muscles Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate Blood cell formation- red, white, platelets

Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula Short Bones- carpals, tarsals Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones Sesamoid- patella

sesamoid Flat bone irregular Long bone Short bone

Distal epiphysis Proximal epiphysis diaphysis yellow marrow epiphyseal line periosteum compact bone spongy bone Endosteum hyaline cartilage Sharpey’s fibers

Mastoid process Styloid process

Occipital condyle

Posterior View

Warm and moisten air Lighten the skull Enhance voice resonance Frontal Sinus Ethmoid Sinus Sphenoid Sinus Maxillary Sinus

The Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae (12) Lumbar Vertberae (5) Sacrum Coccyx

Cervical Vertebrae

The Thoracic Cage Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3) Floating Ribs (2)

Sacrum & Coccyx

Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

Humerus Ulna Radius 8 Carpals 14 Phalanges 5 Metacarpals

Carpal Metacarpal Phalange

Pelvis Ischium Ilium Pubic bone Pelvis Pubic symphysis sacrum

Male Pelvic Girdle Female Pelvic Girdle

Patella The Lower Limb (Legs) Femur Tibia Fibula 5 Metatarsals 14 Phalanges 7 Tarsals

metatarsals phelangies tarsals metatarsals phelangies tarsals

Immovable Joints suture pubis symphisis

Slightly Movable Joint

Freely Movable

synovial cavity pelvis joint capsule femur hyaline cartilage

Synovial Joint Movement

275 bones 12 weeks (6-9 inches long)

cartilage calcified cartilage bone epiphyseal plate epiphyseal line Endochondral Ossification 2 o ossification center Fetus: 1 st 2 months AdultChildhood Just before birth 1 o ossification center

Osteoblast Osteocyte Osteoclast Eats bone Builds new bone Mature bone cell

Bone Repair: 1.Electrical stimulation of the fracture site: Increases speed and completeness of healing The e- stimulation inhibits PTH and slow osteoclasts down from reabsorbing bone 2. Ultrasound treatment: Daily treatments reduce healing time of broken bones by 25-35% 3. Free vascular fibular graft technique: Transplant fibula in arm Gives good blood supply not available in other treatments 4. Bone substitutes: Crushed bone from cadaver- but risk of HIV and hepatitis Sea bone- coral Artificial bone- ceramic

hematoma callus bony callus bone remodeling

Diseases of the Skeletal System: Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easier Factors: age, gender (more in women) estrogen and testosterone decrease insufficient exercise (or too much) diet poor in Ca ++ and protein abnormal vitamin D receptors smoking

Osteoporosis

Rickets- vitamin D deficiency Diseases of the Skeletal System:

Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction Diseases of the Skeletal System:

1.What is a fontanel? 2.How many bones in the adult skeleton? 3.What is the difference between the appendicular and axial skeleton? 4.What is a meniscus? 5.Demonstrate adduction. 6.Weight bearing vertebrae are called? 7.What does an osteoclast do?