The Protestant Reformation 1500’s Europe

The Beginning 1500’s Educated Europeans influenced by Renaissance ideas Secularism Humanism Wanted change in Catholic Church Extravagance and hedonism

The Issues at Hand Pope Leo X Martin Luther Trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica Authorized selling of indulgences Martin Luther German Monk Believed in Justification by Faith Church was not ultimate authority

The 95 Thesis 95 Theses Against indulgences and corruption in church Advocated Justification by Faith Indulgence sales went down Began to affect the finances of the Church

Want Luther wanted/believed… Developed the idea of justification by faith Having faith in God’s mercy and love was all that was needed to ensure entrance to heaven Luther wanted to share this information with everyone – thought the Pope would agree, but the Pope just wanted $$ for his cathedral in Rome

The Pope Goes Off Leo X is angered by effect of 95 Theses Asks Martin Luther to recant his criticisms Luther refuses Luther is condemned, excommunicated, and his works are banned

Edict of Worms Passed by Charles V and Pope Leo X German princes meet and try to convince Luther to recant Still refuses Makes it a crime to shelter/feed Luther or spread his word While in hiding, Luther translates New Testament to German

The Conflict A Catholic agent was in town, selling indulgences (get out of Purgatory free cards), giving people guilt- trips “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs” – John Tetzel’s selling slogan

Luther’s Protector Fredrick the Wise

The Spread of Lutheranism Catholicism Catholicism stresses faith and good works necessary for salvation Church Teachings necessary for spiritual guidance Ritual Heavy Communion, confession, baptism, etc. Services in Latin Lutheranism Salvation by faith alone Bible, not clergy, is the only source of religious truth Less ritual Services held in vernacular (everyday language) Up for interpretation

Protestantism Spreads Huldrych Zwingli Leads Prot. Movement in Switzerland Stresses salvation by faith alone Criticizes Catholic beliefs/practices Wants to break from Catholic tradition Desires a theocracy (church-run state) John Calvin Sets up a theocracy in Geneva Believes in predestination God determines the fate of every person

Anabaptists Adult Baptisms Many were persecuted Branched off into: Believe that only a person who can make an informed decision should be baptised Denied the authority of local gov’t to direct their lives Refused to hold office, bear arms, swear oaths Many were persecuted Fled to North America Promoted religious freedom and seperation of church and state Branched off into: Baptists Mennonites Amish

Henry VIII King of England Wants a divorce from Catherine Could not produce a male heir Pope refuses stating church rules Just so happened that Catherine was aunt of Charles V (HRE) Henry abandons the Catholic Church Passes the Act of Supremacy Forms the Church of England (Anglican) w/ the monarch as the head