Introduction to the Animal Kingdom & Animal Diversity

Are all of these animals? YES

Characteristics of Animals: Heterotrophic Eukaryotic Multi cellular Lack cell walls. 95% = invertebrates (do not have backbone) 5% = vertebrates (have a backbone)

Biology = study of life Physiology = Study of the functions of organs Anatomy = the structure of the organism/organs Zoology = study of animals

Characteristics if Life 1.Feeding: Herbivore = eats plants Carnivore = eats animals Omnivore = eats plants and animals Detritivore = feed on rotting organic material Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water Parasite = lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship)

2. Respiration: Take in O 2 and give off CO 2. Lungs, gills, through skin. Simple diffusion.

3. Circulation: Very small animals rely on diffusion. Larger animals have circulatory system. Closed or open circulatory systems.

4. Excretion: Primary waste product is ammonia. 5. Response : Receptor cells = sound, light, smell, taste, touch, external stimuli Nerve cells => nervous system 6. Movement: Most animals move

7. Reproduction : Most reproduce sexually = genetic diversity Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually to increase their numbers rapidly

Classification: showing how all life is connected

Animalia Branch = Eumetazoa Grade = Bilateria Division = Protostomia Deuterostomia Chordata Group= Craniata Sub Phylum = Vertebrata Super class = Gnathostomata Mammalia Primate Hominidae Homo sapiens

Phylogenetic tree: showing evolutionary development & connectedness.

Textbook p158 Ancestral colonial Protist Porifera SPONGES Cnidaria JELLY FISH Platyhelmithes FLAT WORMS Annelida SEGMENTED WORMS Arthropoda JOINTED LEGS Chordata SPINAL CORD Mollusca Nematoda Echinodermata

Textbook p158 Ancestral colonial Protist Porifera SPONGES Annelida SEGMENTED WORMS Cnidaria JELLY FISH Platyhelmithes FLAT WORMS Arthropoda JOINTED LEGS Chordata SPINAL CORD

Body Symmetry -the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged. Asymmetrical - no pattern (corals, sponges) Radially Symmetrical – round shape (starfish, hydra, jellyfish) Bilaterally Symmetrical - 2 mirror images along lateral line (humans, insects, cats, etc)

Identify the Symmetry

Gut types: Single opening: Through gut:

Cephalization -an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head) *The more complex the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization Octopus – member of the class Cephalopoda

Body Sides Anterior - toward the head Posterior - toward the tail Dorsal - back side Ventral - belly side

Segmentation - "advanced" animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)

Trends in Animal Evolution Early Development Animals begin life as a zygote (fertilized egg)

The cells in the zygote divide to form the BLASTULA - a hollow ball of cells

The blastula pinches inward to form three GERM LAYERS TRIPLOBLASTIC

BODY CAVITY Coelom

THUS: Diploblastic = Never has coelom = diploblastic acoelomate Triploblastic = Doesn’t have coelom = triploblastic acoelomate Triploblastic = Does have coelom = triploblastic coelomate

Phylum Porifera – sponges Phylum Cnidaria – sea anemones, jellyfish, hydra

Phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms Free-living PlanarianParasitic Tapeworm

Phylum Annelida – segmented worms

Phylum Arthropoda – crustaceans, insects, spiders This is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom and contains the most number of species

Phylum Chordata – includes all vertebrates