Teleostei ‘perfect bone’ fishes. Speciose : ~ 24,000 spp. 38 Orders; 426 Families 4 major subdivisions (Chapter 14; Helfman et al. 1997; p.222 and 223;

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Presentation transcript:

Teleostei ‘perfect bone’ fishes

Speciose : ~ 24,000 spp. 38 Orders; 426 Families 4 major subdivisions (Chapter 14; Helfman et al. 1997; p.222 and 223; Course Pack pp.21 & 23) Osteoglossomorpha Elopomorpha Clupeomorpha Euteleostei (D) Teleostei

Taxonomy –Class –DivisionTeleostei –SubdivisionEuteleostei –SuperorderElopomorpha –OrderAnguilliformes –FamilyAnguillidae –Genus –Species American eel

Speciose : ~ 24,000 spp. 38 Orders; 426 Families Success in part depends on 5 trends 1. Bone Reduction: - skull, tail, vertebrae, jaw, fin rays, scales 2. Changes in position and use of dorsal fin 3. Placement and function of paired fins Teleostei

4. Modifications to caudal fin and gas bladder 5.Jaw Modifications -expansion, protrusion, suction -musculature and dentition of pharyngeal jaws Teleostei

(SD) Osteoglossomorpha Osteoglossidae Bony tongues

Osteoglossomorpha Pantodontidae Butterfly fish

Osteoglossomorpha Notopteridae African knifefishes

Osteoglossomorpha Mormyridae Elephantnose fishes

(SD) Elopomorpha leptocephalus larvae

Anguilliformes: Anguillidae anguill = eel (L) freshwater eels Muraenidae muraen = eel (L) moray eels Elopomorpha

Anguilliformes: Elopomorpha Ophicthiidae ophi = snake (G) snake and worm eels Congridae cong/conger = eel (L) conger eels

Elopomorpha S Saccopharyngiformes: Eurypharyngidae Eury = wide (G); pharyng = throat (G) Gulpers Pelican Eels

(SD) Elopomorpha Elopiformes: Elopidae Megalopidae mega = large (G); lopi = scale (G) Lady fishes; tenpounders Tarpon

(SD) Clupeomorpha Clupeiformes: Clupeidae herrings clupe = shield, a river fish (L) Engraulidaeanchovies engraul = a small fish (G) Commercially important fisheries Otophysic connection

92% of Families, 95% of species of Teleostei Many possess: adipose fin, breeding tubercles Many possess: adipose fin, breeding tubercles (SD) Euteleostei (SO) Ostariophysi 1.Weberian Ossicles: anterior vertebrae and ribs modified to connect gas bladder to inner ear 2.Schreckstoff: alarm substance and reaction the ‘true’ teleosts

Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae largest freshwater family; 2 nd largest of any family (SO) Ostariophysi minnows, carps

Cypriniformes: Catostomidae Cato = downward (G); stom = mouth (G) Ostariophysi suckers loaches Cobitidae

Characiformes:Characidae Gasteropelecidae gastero = stomach (G); pelec = hatchet (G) Ostariophysi Characins Piranhas and Tetras Africa and S. America freshwater hatchetfishes

Ostariophysi Siluriformes: Ariidae Ari = very much, warlike (G) Aspredinidae Aspred = roughness, a rough plate (L) banjo catfishes; tubercles Clariidae Clari = clear (G) airbreathing catfishes sea catfishes

Ostariophysi Siluriformes: Ictaluridae Loricariidae clothed in metal, armor (L) North American catfishes armored catfishes

Ostariophysi Siluriformes:Mochokidae upside-down catfishesPimelodidae long-whiskered catfishes Trichomycteridae tricho = hair (G); mycter = nose (G) parasitic catfishes

Ostariophysi Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae gymno = naked (G) knifefishes production and reception of weak electrical impulses

(SO) Protacanthopterygii (prot= first, acanth = spine, pter = fin) Esociformes Esocidae Pikes and pickerels

Protacanthopterygii Salmoniformes Salmonidae

Neoteleosts All fishes above Salmoniformes are Neoteleostei Monophyletic Based on 4 skull and jaw characteristics (p.236 of Helfman et al. 1996) Category lacks formal rank Somewhere between subdivision and superorder

Stomiiformes Sternoptychidae Gonostomatida e (SO) Stenopterygii (steno = narrow, pter = fin)

Aulopiformes Chlorophthalmidae (Greeneyes) Synodontidae (Lizardfishes) (SO) Cyclosquamata (cyclo=circle, squamata = scale)

Percopsiformes Percopsidae (trout perches) (perc = perch, opsi = appearance) Aphredoderidae (pirate perches) (SO) Paracanthopterygii (para = beside) What’s unique about this fish?

Ophidiiformes (ophi = snake) Ophidiidae (cusk-eels) Paracanthopterygii

Batrachoidiformes (batrach = toad) Batrachoididae A very vocal order. How?

cods (SO) Paracanthopterygii Gadiformes Gadidae

Lophiiformes Paracanthopterygii Antennariidae (frogfishes) Ogcocephalidae (batfishes) Melanocetidae (Angler fish)