Welcome to India Welcome to India Since the mid-1700s, Britain controlled India Changes that benefitted India Ending slavery, improving schools, building railroads Changes that hurt India Imported the Indian cotton for their own profit Only British officials in power positions Mohandas Gandhi – led India to independence Believed in nonviolent resistance such as boycotts British eventually agreed to establish provinces in 1935 that were governed entirely by Indians Indian Independence
Hindus vs. Muslims Muslims generally poorer workers Hindus often landowners Britain agreed to give independence to India Created mostly Hindu Republic of India Northern part formed nation of Pakistan where most Muslims lived Violent Partition Hindus in the north moved south, Muslims in the south moved north to Pakistan India and Pakistan have had 3 wars since independence India Pakistan Border India Pakistan Border Religious Conflict
Newly independent Pakistan had two regions, West and East Pakistan West – different ethnic groups, spoke Urdu East – Bengali ethnic group West Pakistan contained factories while East Pakistan was mostly agricultural East Pakistan felt that they were being treated unfairly Fighting between East and West started and India joined the side of the East Pakistanis East Pakistan became the country of Bangladesh Bangladesh
Majority of people practice Hinduism The Caste System – social hierarchy People can improve their position in the next life by carrying out their duties Religion of India
About 70% of Indians live in villages and farm Rural Housing The quality of house depends on your status Food – Indians follow a mostly vegetarian diet Hindus don’t eat meat, Muslims do not eat pork Clothing – light and loose clothing because so humid Some Indian women cover their faces Family Life – Families in India are generally large Signs of Change – Most villages have electricity Television reaches 75% of all Indians Indian film industry is very big Village Life
Life in Towns Most people live in small or medium-sized towns Life in Cities Mumbai (Bombay) is the country’s busiest port, financial center, and more crowded than NYC Mumbai Mumbai Chennai and Kolkata are east coast centers of commerce and shipping industry New Delhi is India’s capital Urbanization
Advances in Farming India’s main goal is to feed its growing population Better farming methods, increased irrigation, and higher quality seeds have helped Expanded Industry One of the world’s leading industrial nations Education Literacy rate has continued to increase Children fail to complete school to help in the fields Health Care Many Indians cannot afford basic medical care Unhealthy water is a problem in rural areas Economic Improvements
Irrigation and Electricity Indus River basin contains most of the country’s agricultural areas and hydroelectric power stations Tarbela Dam built to control Indus River National Challenges Most Pakistanis speak Punjabi but the official language is Urdu Pakistan has been involved in recent conflicts Allowed U.S. troops to use Pakistan as a base Pakistan Pakistan
Ethnic Diversity Many different ethnic groups with conflicting opinions about Islamic beliefs and practices Buffer State Britain and Russia failed to conquer Afghanistan It became a buffer state between these two powers Terrorism and War Soviets withdrew in 1989, Taliban began its control Post 9-11, U.S. launches attack that removes Taliban Tried to establish a democratic government Aftermath of Afghanistan War Aftermath of Afghanistan War Afghanistan
Challenging Climate – primarily tropical wet Pros – abundant water supply and fertile soil enable farmers to plant and harvest year round Cons – rivers overflow, fierce tropical storms sweep in and submerge the land Overpopulation Top 10 in terms of population As many people as Mexico and Canada combined Because of the overpopulation and natural disasters, hunger has been an issue Preparing for Disasters Preparing for Disasters Bangladesh
Nepal Mount Everest is located in Nepal Southern lowlands are hot and humid Tropical crops flourish – citrus fruits, sugar cane, rice 90% Hindu Allows tourists to come climb its mountains Mount Everest Mount Everest Bhutan Climate similar to Nepal 75% Buddhist Stricter on who they allow into their country Bhutan Bhutan Nepal and Bhutan
Referred to as “a tear dropped off the subcontinent of India” – means Magnificent Island Environmental Change – tropical climate Heaviest rains fall in the SW part Major crop is tea, Sri Lanka produces about 1/8 of the world’s tea Much of the rain forest has been removed for farming and development Social Unrest ¾ of Sri Lankans are Sinhalese, rest Tamils Religion and language split the groups Sinhalese practice Buddhism, Tamils practice Hinduism Sri Lankan Civil War Sri Lankan Civil War Sri Lanka