Arab-Israeli Conflict Arab Nationalism vs. Jewish Nationalism Arab Nationalism vs. Jewish Nationalism

Arab Israeli Conflict True-False True-False –Jews believe Israel was promised to them by God –Arabs believe Palestine is their homeland because they have lived there for centuries –Arabs and Jews have been fighting over this land for thousands of years –Jerusalem is a holy city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims –Israel was founded after World War II

Background Palestinian nationalism grew with general Arab nationalism in the Ottoman Empire Palestinian nationalism grew with general Arab nationalism in the Ottoman Empire Nationalism in Europe stimulated ideas for a Jewish nation. Nationalism in Europe stimulated ideas for a Jewish nation. The fall of the Ottoman Empire left what is now Israel in the hands of the British The fall of the Ottoman Empire left what is now Israel in the hands of the British Jews wanted land  purchased land from wealthy Arabs  kicked out landless Arab peasants (Palestinians)  conflict Jews wanted land  purchased land from wealthy Arabs  kicked out landless Arab peasants (Palestinians)  conflict

10. Zionism Zionists: group seeking homeland for Jews. Zionists: group seeking homeland for Jews. Conflict = between immigrant Jews and indigenous Arabs (Palestinians)

11. UN Partition Plan 1947 : UN divided land into an Arab state and a Jewish state. Arabs rejected plan, refusing existence of any Jewish state Zionists: group seeking homeland for Jews. Conflict = between immigrant Jews and indigenous Arabs (Palestinians)

1948: David Ben- Gurion announced Israel’s independence

Claimed by Israel: Claimed by Israel: –Golan Heights –East Jerusalem Claimed by Palestinians Claimed by Palestinians –Gaza Strip –West Bank –East Jerusalem 12 Disputed Lands

Today’s Assignment Read Chapter 28 section 2 – pages Read Chapter 28 section 2 – pages

Today’s Assignment Read Chapter 28 section 2 – pages Read Chapter 28 section 2 – pages Arab- Israeli Conflict Founding of Israel (4) Conflicts Building a Nation:Israel Attempts at Peace (4)

13. Arab Israeli Conflicts 1948 War 1948 War 1967 War – 6 Day War 1967 War – 6 Day War 1973 War – Yom Kippur War 1973 War – Yom Kippur War Intifada Intifada Assassinations Assassinations Camp David – 1970s Camp David – 1970s –US President Jimmy Carter Oslo Accords – 1990s Oslo Accords – 1990s –US President Bill Clinton 14. Arab Israeli Peace Efforts

Wars Six Day War (1967 War): Israel captured Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, the West Bank, the Old City of Jerusalem (which Israel later annexed), and Gaza. The war ended by a U.N.-arranged cease-fire. The United States called on the Israelis to withdraw from occupied territories but did not specify how much land it should give up. Six Day War (1967 War): Israel captured Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, the West Bank, the Old City of Jerusalem (which Israel later annexed), and Gaza. The war ended by a U.N.-arranged cease-fire. The United States called on the Israelis to withdraw from occupied territories but did not specify how much land it should give up. Yom Kippur War (1973) - Egypt and Syria launched a joint attack on Israel on the Jewish holy day, Yom Kippur, to regain lost territory. Caught off-guard, Israel took several days to mobilize, suffering heavy casualties, but it forced the opposition back. Establishes Israel as the dominant military power in the region Yom Kippur War (1973) - Egypt and Syria launched a joint attack on Israel on the Jewish holy day, Yom Kippur, to regain lost territory. Caught off-guard, Israel took several days to mobilize, suffering heavy casualties, but it forced the opposition back. Establishes Israel as the dominant military power in the region

15. Palestinian Groups Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) Hamas: group that governs the Gaza Strip (terrorist group?) Hamas: group that governs the Gaza Strip (terrorist group?) –Refuse existence of Israel and Holocaust Palestinian Authority: govern West Bank (created from PLO) Palestinian Authority: govern West Bank (created from PLO) –International representatives of Palestinians

Camp David Accords 1979 U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. Egypt and Israel signed the first peace treaty between Israel and an Arab nation. It formally ended the state of war that had existed between them for 30 years. In return for Egypt's recognition of Israel's right to exist, Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula. The two nations also formally established diplomatic relations. U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. Egypt and Israel signed the first peace treaty between Israel and an Arab nation. It formally ended the state of war that had existed between them for 30 years. In return for Egypt's recognition of Israel's right to exist, Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula. The two nations also formally established diplomatic relations.

Oslo Accords 1993 Secret negotiations between Israel and the PLO resulted in a treaty that included mutual recognition, limited self-rule for Palestinians Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin agreed to work towards a Palestinian state Secret negotiations between Israel and the PLO resulted in a treaty that included mutual recognition, limited self-rule for Palestinians Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin agreed to work towards a Palestinian state

“Road Map” to Peace 2003 A plan developed by the European Union, Russia, UN, and United States and presented to the Palestinian Authority and the Israeli government. A three phase peace process that culminates with the creation of a Palestinian state. A plan developed by the European Union, Russia, UN, and United States and presented to the Palestinian Authority and the Israeli government. A three phase peace process that culminates with the creation of a Palestinian state.

2004: Arafat Died

2005: Israel began removing all Jewish settlers from the occupied territories (Gaza)

16. Remaining Issues to Peace Control of Jerusalem Control of Jerusalem Palestinian Statehood (Borders) Palestinian Statehood (Borders) Palestinian Refugees Right to return Palestinian Refugees Right to return Jewish Settlements in the West Bank Jewish Settlements in the West Bank Terrorism Terrorism