Unit 4: Modern middle East Creation of Israel Unit 4: Modern middle East

Conflicting Claims Zionism: Arabs: Form of Nationalism Creation of a state in the holy land. Arabs: Turks controlled Holy Land since 1100’s. Palestinians lived there for nearly 2000 years. Home of Al-Aqsa Mosque

Justification for Land Claim Jewish Justification: Historic Land Claim Abraham led the Jews to Canaan Ancestors lived there Jerusalem home of Wailing Wall

Think Pair Share If you were Israeli, why might you think you should live on the land that is now Israel? If you were Palestinian, why might you think you should live on the land that is now Israel? Who has the rightful claim to the land?

Where did Zionism come from? Anti Semitism throughout History. Black Death Poisoning Wells Russian Pogroms Anti Jewish riots Dreyfus Affair Wrongfully Convicted Holocaust 6 million dead

Unit 4: Modern Middle East Broken Promises Unit 4: Modern Middle East

What Did WWI Promise the World? Democracy

Ottoman Empire

The Decline of the Ottoman Empire: 1807-1924

Conflict in the Middle East: Arab-Israeli Wars Unit 4: Modern Middle east

Broken Promises World War I McMahon-Husain (1915) Sykes-Picot (1916) Fall of the Ottoman Empire British had made Promises to Both Sides McMahon-Husain (1915) Sykes-Picot (1916) Balfour Declaration (1917) The Mandate of Palestine British occupation and Administration

McHahon-Husain Letters

McHahon-Husain Letters

Sykes-Picot

Aftermath of WWII UN Intervention What do we do with Jerusalem? 1947 Palestinian (45%) and Jewish States (55%) What do we do with Jerusalem? International Shared Jewish refugees: Populate area Very organized

Conflict in the Middle East The Wars that Shaped the Borders Unit 4: Modern Middle East

Arab-Israeli War May 14, 1948 May 15, 1948 What about Palestine? Israel becomes a state David Ben-Gurion 1st prime Minister May 15, 1948 Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Lebanon invade Israel. Israel wins US Support What about Palestine?

Perspective on Partition Israeli Palestinian Creates state of Israel War of Independence Violence would not happen if there was a Jewish Homeland They had no input Nabka: “catastrophe” Land set aside for Palestinians: Arab or Israeli controlled

Suez Crisis Suez Canal July 1956 British, France, and Israel. British owned Canal Negotiations to draw down Troops July 1956 Egypt Nationalizes canal What does that mean? British, France, and Israel. Israel invades UN sides with Egypt

Six Day War Tensions still exist Results: June 1967 Preemptive Strike Israel is over powering Results: Territorial Gains Jerusalem West Bank Golan Heights Sinai Peninsula Refugees 250,000 fled

Perspective On and Aftermath of 1967 War Israeli Palestinian Perspective Land gained is a buffer zone West bank, Gaza Strip, and Golan heights. Defensible borders Unified Jerusalem Holiest City West Bank and Gaza Strip “Occupied territories” Some will accept pre-war borders PLO forms and begins to use terrorism

Unfinished Business Yom Kippur War: Initial Results: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. Surprise Attack Initial Results: Israeli forces pushed back Israeli Counter Attack Prime Minister Golda Meir Results Borders remain the same

Peace in the Middle East? Unit 4: Modern Middle East

Palestinian Liberation Organization P.L.O 1964 Goal= Fight for Palestinian State Yasser Arafat Chairmen of the P.L.O 1969-2004 Munich Olympics Black September PLO? 1972 summer games 11 Israeli athletes murdered

Camp David Accords Why is it important? Who was it between? First signed agreement between Israel and an Arab Country Who was it between? Israel and Egypt What did it do? Recognized Israel Israel gives back Sinai Results Anwar Sadat was assassinated.

First Intifada Palestinian Campaign What do you think Civil Disobedience is? Boycotts and Protests Attacks on Soldiers Rock Throwing Why did they do it? Results 400 Israelis killed 1500 Palestinians killed

Second Intifada Bill Clinton Palestinian violence erupts. Failed at Peace Accords at Camp David Arafat walks away Palestinian violence erupts. Suicide bombers target buses, discos, hotels, etc. Israel military responds 4500 Palestinians killed 1000 Israelis killed

Unit 4: Modern Middle East Current Situation Unit 4: Modern Middle East

Oslo Accords Oslo Peace Accords Who is it between? Results: Declaration of Principles Who is it between? Israel and PLO Rabin and Arafat Results: Limited Self Rule Gaza and West bank Framework to settle issues Rabin Assassinated

Gaza Strip Road Map to Peace Two State Solution Abbas and Sharon Two State Solution Backed by US Create a Israel and Palestine 2005 Israel removes settlements. Palestinian control Hamas Gov’t vs. terrorist org.