 Why was it developed? › To describe a certain movement within the Protestant Christian movement.  Martin Marty & Scott Appleby define fundamentalism as a movement generated as a reaction to threats to the identity of the group. › Meets threats with selective re-work doctrine from the past and leads to a new political program for the future society.

fundamental  Two basic fundamental features. › 1. The belief that definitive set of principles exist which both necessary and sufficient for the overall guidance of human behavior. › 2. The belief that principles drive from impeccable organization of development of universal truths.  “Can’t be questioned”.

 A Weaker version of fundamentalism.  EX: › China Confucianism.  Mild claims. No formal organization.

 Martin Luther › Protestant Reformation in › Posted the 95 thesis against the Catholic Church. › He thought the church was corrupt. › Thought should go back to original bible.  Said nothing about the sale of indulgences and the church owning the land/  Protestant reformation › A protest of social, political, and religious movement, call to go back to fundamental belief in the bible.

 1. Efforts to achieve an independent Egypt, Syria, and Iraq use Islam as a platform for their struggle.  2. The Baathist Party of Syria, Iraq, and Egypt use Islam for political reason.

 3. Post World War II and modern WAR problems created by the WEST : › Poverty › Lack of Education › Low job security and poor economic status. › Social turmoil. Created by colonist!!!!!  Islam was the Solution for people. › Turn to leaders like Ayatollah Khomeini who started the Islamic Revolution in 1779 against the US.

Result in Imperialism BAD!!!!  Started by birth – British needed their large supply of opium for their war with China. Result in Imperialism BAD!!!!  In 1979 Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. The US and Britain help the Afghan freedom fighters that would turn into a large fundamental group called the ‘Taliban,” which means student of the Koran.  Imperial Russia under Peter the Great and Catherin wanted warm water port Russia invaded Afghanistan and resulted in their Vietnam. › B/C of this the Taliban came into power. After the conflict in 1979, the Taliban demanded a seat in government.

 Leader was Mullah Mohammed Omar.  Changed up life by introducing Islam into all facets of life.  He got funds from Osama Bin Laden.  Want extreme political government that puts focus of Islam at the center.

 Prohibited women from working, attending school, and being examined by male doctors.  Males were punished for short beards, not going to the Mosque when told.  Set up religious police on the streets to enforce laws.

 A religious political party.  Came on the map in 1972, during the Munich Olympic games.  Have no official land, b/c of the Balfour Declaration. Get help and $ from Iran.  It is significant b/c has something to do with Palestine and issues with Israel.  Since as recent as 1999, Hamas has been leasing a campaign of suicide bombings, handing out leaf lets aimed at the Palestinian people expressing their ideas.  Have current control of the Gaza Strip and associate with the PLO or Palestine Liberation Organization.

 Takes place during WWI, when Britain asked the Palestine government to help fight the Turks. They don’t help, but the Jewish people did.  Britain gave the Palestine land to the Jews and formed Israel. This was illegal.

 The Revolution was lead by Ayatollah Khomeini.  He was believed to be the 12 th Imam.  He was exiled to Iraq, and later to Paris.  In 1979, the Shaw of Iran lost power when he tried to implement secular western modernization to his people.  This resulted with discontent with his people.  They invited Ayatollah Khomeini to take power in Iran.  He took power based on Islamic principles.

LockeHobbes Rousseau  Go against ideology like Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau.  Every aspect of the state is based around Islam. › Theocracy – everything is ran by religion, the government follows religion.  Follow the law set forth by Muslim clerics.  Fatwa means go against the state.  Dangerous b/c government in the hands of religion and may remain backwards.

 America.  Europe.  Buddhist and Hindus. › Sikhism in India. › Sri Lanka.