Created By: Emeline Swanson and Jasmine Alfonso 1

Motor Skills Looking touching Development in association of what the baby sees & touches Grasping Gains the ability to hold onto different objects Crawling Begins mobility and can move on his or her own Sitting Can sit up on his or her own without assistance Walking Can walk without assistance, and may even be able to run. 2

Motor Skills continued…  The 5 motor skills that children 0-2 years go through are milestones which occur from the 1 st month to the 14 th month (based on averages)  The rates of physical and motor development vary from child to child due to:  heredity  the amount of activity the child participates in  the amount of attention the child receives 3

The motor skills of a child develop in two types of patterns; either the cephalocaudal or proximodistal developmental pattern  Proximodistal: to develop skills from the center of the body outwards towards the limbs.  Cephalocaudal: To develop skills first in the upper body then the lower body. Motor Skills continued… 4

Sensation and Perception  Newborns are near sighted. Visual acuity develops quickly.  Babies are attracted to objects of light-dark contrast, such as the human face.  Depth perceptions is developed a few months after birth (rate varies child to child)  Infants respond to tastes, smells, and sounds such as the human voice.  Infants are aware of size and shape constancy 5

Development Changes in the Brain  New connections form around neurons. (synaptogenesis)  Dendrites grow and expand their reach and complexity.  Initially support basic biological functions  Later in areas of learning  Synapses grow in density especially in areas of vision and hearing  Synaptic pruning beginning in certain areas  Myelination: glial cells grow around the axons to form a fatty coating which insulate the axons 6

Eating and Sleeping Habits Sleeping HabitsEating Habits  Infants sleep hours every day.  Develop wake/sleep cycles.  On average infants begin sleeping through the night at 10 weeks and 10 pounds.  Gain the ability to express hunger to adults.  Learn to suck, chew and swallow.  Ability to digest food without abdominal pain. 7

 Irregular sleep and wake cycles  Trouble being sued  Digestive problems  Breathing problems 8 Chronic Health Issues

Health Facts  Less than 1% of infants suffer from birth trauma.  Infant Mortality: 9 out of every 1,000 babies die within the first year of life.  Leading causes of infant death:  Congenital birth defects  Sudden infant Death Syndrome  Infant brain dysfunction  Parental smoking 9

CliffsNotes.com. Physical Development: Age 0–2. 29 Sep "Stages Of Play During Child Development." Child Development Guide | Developmental Stages From Birth To Teens. Web. 29 Sept Nudelman, Lauren. "Age Norms: Infant Physical Development." Parenting Literacy. 28 Oct Web. 29 Sept Nudelman, Lauren. "Age Norms: Child and Adolescent Physical Development." Parenting Literacy. 16 Dec Web. 29 Sept Sources 10