Europe: Rule, Religion, and Conflict The Later Middle Ages Europe: Rule, Religion, and Conflict

The Crusades The Big Idea The Christian and Muslim cultures fought over holy sites during a series of medieval wars called the Crusades. 7.6.6

The Crusades Palestine and Jerusalem fell into the hands of Turkish Muslims during the Middle Ages. Yeah baby

The Crusades The Turks attacked Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land and made it dangerous to travel. The Turks began to raid the Byzantine Empire in the East, so their pope called on the Roman Catholic Church for help.

The Crusades Main Idea 1: The pope called on Crusaders to invade and retake the Holy Land in 1095 A.D. We wants it. We needs it. Must have the precious.

The Crusades The Crusades were a long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East.

The Crusades The wars were fought over control of Palestine. Palestine was considered the Holy Land, because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached, and died.

The First Crusade Five thousand men came to fight and sewed crosses on their clothing to show that they were fighting for God. The word crusade comes from the Latin for “marked with a cross.”

The First Crusade On the way to the Holy Land, the crusaders attacked Jews in Germany, blaming them for the death of Jesus.

The First Crusade Before the Crusaders reached the Holy Land, the Turks killed most of the untrained and ill-equipped Christian peasants.

The First Crusade The nobles and knights moved on and defeated the disorganized Muslim army at Jerusalem. The crusaders set up four small kingdoms in the Holy Land and began trading with Europe. The rulers of these kingdoms created a lord and vassal system like they had known at home.

After the 1st Crusade After a period of peace in which Christians and Muslims co-existed in the Holy Land, Muslim forces captured Edessa and later defeated the Crusaders at Damascus.

After the 1st Crusades The Christians were unable to keep the Muslims from taking back land that had been won in the First Crusades.

Later Crusades Main Idea 2: Despite some initial success the later Crusades failed.

Later Crusades In 1187,Saladin recaptured Jerusalem. Saladin was the Muslim Sultan of Egypt and a fierce warrior Saladin (Salah al-Din)

Later Crusades Another crusade was called by the Pope. The Crusade was led mainly by Richard I of England (Richard the Lionheart) Richard recaptured a few territories in Palestine, but he was unable to reclaim Jerusalem

Later Crusades The Third Crusade came to end with a peace treaty between Saladin and Richard I. The agreement kept Jerusalem in Muslim hands, but it allowed Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem in peace.

Later Crusades Europeans launched more Crusades, but they were not successful. By 1291 the Muslim armies had taken back all of the Holy Land, and the Crusades had ended.

Why the Crusaders Failed had to travel far, and many died along the way. weren’t prepared to fight in the desert climate. were outnumbered and had poor leadership.

Effects of the Crusades Main Idea 3 The Crusades changed Europe forever.

Effects of the Crusades Although the Crusades were a failure, they brought many lasting changes to Europe.

Effects of the Crusades Trade between Europe and Asia grew. Muslim ideas were brought to Europe. Some kings and nobles increased their power because others had died in the Crusades.

Effects of the Crusades Due to the killings of the Jews, there was distrust between some Christians and Jews. Many Jews faced persecution and segregation during the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Crusades

Effects of the Crusades In general, the Crusaders saw Muslims as unbelievers who threatened innocent Christians. Muslims viewed the Crusaders as vicious invaders.