Wealthy families and the church wanted beautiful buildings and works of Art. The Pope funded artwork for the Vatican Builders and artists studied ancient Greek and Roman Art, Science and Math.

Renaissance artists wanted to show how people looked Giotto began this style in the 1300’s. Artists brought life, color, action and Perspective to art. Chiaroscuro painting technique to show drama, emotion. Fresco – Water colors on plaster.

Golden age of painting- da Vinci, Michaelangelo, Raphael Da Vinci- Florence. Mona Lisa and Last Supper. Michelangelo – Florence. Pope Julius II hired him to work On the Vatican. Sistine Chapel. Raphael painted frescos for the Pope in the Vatican. Artemisia Gentileschi- most celebrated female artist.

Late 1400’s – Renaissance spread to N. Europe. War, trade, travel and the printing press spread Humanist ideas.

Northern painters began using oil based paints. Rich colors painted on canvas. Jan van Eyck – Used oils. The Arnolfini. Albrecht Durer – Known for perspective, detail and engravings.

1580- The first theaters were built for England’s plays. Outdoor stages, the wealthy sat under a roof. 1 to 2 cents. Even the poor attended. William Shakespeare wrote Tragedies, Comedies and Histories. Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo & Juliet. Most Famous.

Ch 11 The Reformation Begins

Europeans began to criticize the wealth and power of the Catholic Church Monk Martin Luther questioned its authority. Luther called for the Cathoic Church to reform. Produced The Protestant churches.

Church officials grew wealthy collecting taxes, some built palaces. The church began selling indulgences. This was a Certificate to pardon a person’s sins. English Priest John Wycliffe told Christians to recognize Jesus, not the Pope as head of the church. Wycliffe told followers to read the Bible for Truth.

Christian Humanism. Catholics that wanted to restore faith in the Church. Desiderius Erasmus – people should use reason to become better Christians. Be good – Erasmus wrote Praise of Folly. Used humor to criticize the Church and the Pope.

1500’s Luther calls for Church reform. Luther’s teachings led to a religious revolution.

Luther visited Rome and was shocked by the actions of Priests ignoring Catholic rituals. In Germany he began to question Church policy – became angry when Pope Leo X began selling indulgences. Posted 95 arguments against indulgences.

Luther began to attack the Church, Bible was the only truth – Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther. Luther’s ideas led to the creation of the Protestant Church

Lutheranism gave peasants hope. Peasants suffered From poor crops and high taxes. Peasants revolted against the nobles. Luther supported the peasants, but feared violence. Told Peasants to follow the government.

Some European rulers supported the Protestants. They hoped to increase their power against the Church – Charles V – Holy Roman Emperor. Many German Rulers became Lutheran to oppose him. Charles went to war with the Lutherans. Could not defeat Them. Peace of Augsburg allowed a Protestant North.

John Calvin – He studied law, humanism and religion in Paris. Calvin became convinced Martin Luther was right. He fled Paris to move to Geneva. Supported Protestantism.

Calvin believed that Faith brought salvation. Predestination – God has already decided who will go to Heaven. Calvinism encouraged people to work hard and behave. Calvin felt church members should choose clergy.

In England religious change came as a result of a political disagreement between the Pope and the King. Religious beliefs will change later.