Individual + Team Activities An individual activity is performed by one person, e.g. In your jotter list 4 more individual activities A team activity involves you working with other people, e.g. Question Book Page 5, Q1. Past Papers – Foundation Q6, Q23 In your jotter list 4 more team activities

Competitive and Non Activities A competitive activity is a contest involving 2 or more rivals, each rival tries to win. E.g. In your jotter list 4 more competitive activities A non-competitive activity involves performers who take part for self satisfaction, e.g. fitness, enjoyment, health. E.g. Question Book Page 5, Q2 Past Papers – General Q15 In your jotter list 4 more non-competitive activities

Direct and Indirect Activities Contests are either directly competitive or indirectly competitive Directly competitive means that you have a direct influence or bearing on what your opponent does and vice versa e.g. In your jotter list 4 more directly competitive activities Indirectly competitive means that your performance does not affect the performance of your opponent and vice versa e.g. Question Book Page 6, Q4 Past Papers General – Q1 In your jotter list 4 more indirectly competitive activities

Participation in Sport Participation in sporting activities can be influenced by different factors. Factors such as age, money, weather, facilities and disability can affect participation levels in certain sporting activities. * In your jotter explain how money can help or reduce participation in golf * In your jotter explain how weather can affect participation in skiing Question Book Page 6, Q6 Past Papers * In your jotter explain how facilities can affect participation in tennis * In your jotter explain how disability can affect participation in basketball * In your jotter explain how age may affect participation in gymnastics

Participation in Sport There are many reasons why people participate in sporting activities. They can be Physical, Health, Personal or Social Write these reasons in your jotter, leaving a space beside each one “I enjoy getting out and meeting new people” Health Personal “I like the thrill of competing against myself” Question Book Page 5, Q3 Past Papers – Credit Q41 “Regular exercise is good for me” Social “Jogging improves my endurance” Physical Write down which category the above reasons fall into.

Task Football Gymnastics Swimming Hockey Badminton Basketball Golf For the following activities write down if they are Individual, Team, Competitive or non-competitive, directly or indirectly Football Gymnastics Swimming Hockey Badminton Basketball Golf Hill walking

Different Roles There are many different roles as well as “performer”. These include Referee Umpire Linesperson Supporters Starter Question Book Page 7,Q7 Past Papers – Foundation Q12, Q17. Credit – Q14, Q15, Q48 Team mate Physiotherapist Timekeeper Attacker Defender For each role pictured choose an activity and describe what that role involves.

Different Roles within Sport Referee: Ensures games is played according to the rules of the game and makes the appropriate decisions Umpire: Ensures that rules are applied fairly and as per the official rules Linesperson: To work alongside the referee or umpire to make certain decisions when the ball or shuttle is out of play. Supporters: To give my team the support they need whether they are winning or losing. Team Mate: Working as a unit to ensure the team can win the game/event. Timekeeper: Timing a game and stopping when appropriate to the official rules. Physiotherapist: To be on hand to carry out any first aid treatment or to give player during recovery with physio.

Personal Qualities Co-operation Fairness Concentration Determination Leadership Commitment

Physical Qualities Co-ordination Speed Control Cardio-respiratory endurance Height Strong

Personal and Physical Qualities Both playing and non playing roles require different qualities Activity – Netball Role – wing defence Personal Quality –Determination. During the game I had to be determined in order to get the ball before the other team Physical Quality – Speed. When playing as wing defence in netball I needed to move quickly to cover the movements of other players Activity – Basketball Role -Guard Personal Quality – Co-operation. During the game I Co-operated with the rest of the team to ensure we played well Question Book Page 8, Q9 Past Papers – Foundation Q2. General – Q32. Credit Q20, Q21, Q32, Q43 Physical Quality – Cardio-respiratory endurance. During the basketball game the guard must be able to run around the court for long periods of time without tiring or making mistakes In your jotter write 1 more example for a playing role In your jotter write 1 example for a non-playing role e.g referee, umpire etc..

Qualities in sport Role Physical Quality Personal Quality Goalkeeper Fairness Height

Safety in Activities Being safe in an activity is important. Some sports equipment is designed to keep people safe. In some activities you must wear certain items for safety, e.g. In your jotter select 1 more activity which you must wear protective clothing and a reason for each. In some activities safety equipment is only recommended, e.g. In your jotter select 1 more activity which safety equipment is only recommended. Question Book Page 7, Q 8, Page 8, Q10 Past Papers – Foundation Q11 , Q18 Many rules have been incorporated into activities to keep players safe. In your jotter select 3 different activities and a rule in each which helps to keep everyone safe.

Equipment for Activities Many athletes and players use footwear or equipment which helps their performance. Performance can be improved in many ways. Reducing equipment/kit weight, but maintaining its power. E.g. In your jotter write down another example Improving grip or friction to improve a skill or speed. E.g. Past Papers - In your jotter write down another example Reducing friction therefore improving slide or glide. E.g. In your jotter write down another example

Rules - Written Rules are made to ensure that everyone has an equal chance of winning. In a long jump competition the jumper must take off before the board and land in the sand. If not then they are disqualified. In your jotter write down another example from a different activity where rules ensure everyone has an equal chance. Rules can also restrict movement within activities, and shape them. Question Book Page 9, Q11 Past Papers – Foundation Q7. General – Q12 In Netball the GA and GS are the only 2 attacking players allowed within the semi circle. This means that other players must get the ball to them to score. It also prevents the semi circle from being crowded. In your jotter give another example of a shaping/restrictive rule.

Rules - Unwritten Unwritten rules (etiquette, code of conduct) give details of how an individual or team should behave. Performers who fail to follow the code are said to be unsporting. One example of good etiquette is swapping shirts with opposition Players after a game of football. In your jotter select 2 different activities and write an example of good etiquette from each. Question Book Page 9, Q12 Past Papers – Foundation Q20, Q29. Credit – Q31, Q42 One example of bad etiquette is arguing with the referee/umpire. In your jotter select 2 different activities and write an example of an unwritten rule from each.

Scoring Systems Objective scoring is based on facts. E.g. Goals scored, distance jumped, height jumped, time, points. Subjective scoring is based on the opinion of someone. In your jotter write down the following activities. Decide whether the scoring system is subjective or objective. Write down how each activity is won. An example has been given for you. Question Book Page 10, Q13, Q14, Q15, Q16 Past Papers – Foundation Q1, Q26. General – Q11, Subjective Panel of judges Objective Time Objective Distance thrown Objective Games/Sets Subjective Panel of judges Objective Points Objective Runs Subjective Panel of judges Subjective Panel of judges Objective Time

Tactics and Strategies In all competitive activities, individual and team the aim is to win. Before the activity begins, most competitors will have a “game plan” to win, during the activity your game plan can change. Tactics and strategies try to make the most of your strengths and take advantage of your opponents weaknesses. In cycling the tactic being used by the second placed rider is called “slipstreaming.” They are intentionally staying behind the leader using them as a windbreak. Question Book Page 11, Q17 Past Papers - In your jotter write down a tactic used in all racket games. In your jotter , select a team activity and write down a tactic used in this activity.

Tactics and Strategies In target activities like curling, players don’t always play to “hit the target.” A player can prevent an opponent from having a clear route by playing a short “blocker” on purpose. A player may also try to deliver a stone simply to knock the opponents away. In your jotter write down another example of an activity which uses similar tactics. In your jotter write down a tactic used in striking and fielding activities. Question Book Page 11, Q18, Q19 Past Papers – Credit Q40, Q49 In the invasion games attack and defence tactics are important. In your jotter describe what a man-to-man defence is, and give one reason why you may use it. In your jotter describe what a zone defence is, and give one reason why you may use it. In an activity you may have to change your starting tactic. Give a reason why.

Width and Depth Attacking with width spreads out the defence and more A A A A Attacking with width spreads out the defence and more gaps are opened up in the defence. A defence which is marking a wide attack is less compact and therefore weaker.   A Attacking with depth means that every player has many options when passing, right, left, diagonal, give and go, backwards etc. Past Papers Credit – Q1, Q2, Q39

Being Creative in Activities Performers can be creative in activities with both subjective and objective scoring systems. Write down in your jotter an example from each activity below of how you or your team mates could be creative. Question Book Page 12, Q20, Q21 Past Papers – General Q4, Q14, Q19, Q20, 27

Size and Shape Different body size and shape can occasionally help your performance. Endomorph. Stocky body; large And round; short thick neck; short arms and legs; lots of body fat. Mesomorph. Muscular body; strongly built; broad chest and shoulders; very muscular arms and legs little body fat. Ectomorph. Narrow body; wiry muscles; tall and thin; spindly legs and arms little body fat. Question Book Page 12, Q12 Past Papers - In your jotter write down the following activities and the body shape which suits the Activity best. Give a reason for your answer. High Jumper Sprinter Sumo Wrestler

Adapting Activities Activities can be adapted in many ways and for different reasons. E.g. Adult versions of games can be changed to suit younger players making it easier for them to learn. Look at the pictures below and explain how and why the activity could be changed to suit a younger player. The key area of change has been identified. Past Papers – Foundation Q15. Credit – Q34 The playing area Net Height The rules Number of players The scoring system Length of game Equipment Number of touches

Adapting Activities Games can be played “small sided” instead of “full sided.” E.g. 5 a side football. In your jotter write down 2 advantages of playing with smaller sides. Numerical superiority means having more attackers than defenders or vice versa. In your jotter write down 2 advantages of numerical superiority when practising skills. Question Book Page 13, Q25 Past Papers General – Q24, Q33