unit load principle The unit load is a single item, a number of items or bulk material which is arranged and restrained so that the load can be stored, and picked up and moved between two locations as a single mass

unit-load storage system facility or building - right protection for company assets. mobile- or captive-aisle vehicle - product is transferred from one location to another and that there is excellent labor productivity. inventory control system - right product is assigned to the right storage position, is transferred at the right time, at the correct quantity. storage equipment (racking) - proper product accessibility and that there is maximum utilization of space.

storage and retrieval equipment vs. material transport equipment primary function-- to house material for staging or building inventory and to retrieve material for use.

Unit load Storage (Racking) Equipment Classifications unit load systems - typically house large loads small load systems

KINDRACK CONFIG TYPE OF LOADLANE DEPTH CAPACITY Block Stacking No rackMust be easily stackable Effective for multiple pallets per SKU 2-10 loads deep of storage lanes on the floor Stacking Frame PortableDo not conveniently stack upon themselves 2-10 loads deep of storage lanes on the floor Single-Deep Selective Rack Simple construction of metal uprights and cross- members Do not need to be stackable. May be varying height or width Effective for small quantities of SKU One load’s depth May be necessary to provide load supports or decking Double-Deep Rack Two loads’ depth Drive-in Rack Upright columns with horizontal rails 5 to 10 loads deep capacity

KINDRACK CONFIGLANE DEPTH CAPACITY Drive-through Rack Upright columns with horizontal rails 5 to 10 loads deep capacity Pallet Flow Horizontal (one way, or two way) [(Aisle width X Lot Size) / (2 X Load Length X Stack Height)]1/2 Cantilever upright posts, support arms, legs and bracings. Arms 2 5 feet long Mobile have pair of vertical uprights, horizontal beams and cross braces for stability. It has wheels or floor-mounted rails dependent on the size of the rack Pushback Nested carts on inclined rails 2 – 6 pallets deep standard pallet gravity flow racks

KINDSTACKING CAPACITY UNIT LOAD ACCESS CAPITAL EXPENSE Block Stacking From 2 loads high to a height determined by acceptable safe limits or by the building clear height Portable Loads on top of the stack must first be removed Do not conveniently stack upon themselves Lowest among all kinds Stacking Frame Low, but with racks investment Single-Deep Selective Rack For average pallet storage, 2 to 4 beam Provides immediate access to each load stored Lowest “Cost Per Pallet Position” Double-Deep Rack Comparatively low investment cost Drive-in Rack :Requires similar-width loads designed for one- way forklift entry generally lower costs

KINDSTACKING CAPACITY UNIT LOAD ACCESS CAPITAL EXPENSE Drive-through Rack Requires similar- width loads two access aisles for loading and picking. generally lower costs Pallet Flow dependent on pallet size FIFO$200-$300 per storage position (very expensive) Cantilever lb per armEasy access.mid Mobile dependent on the size of the rack Manual, mechanized or automated carton order-pick system high Pushback 3-4 pallets highLIFO, frontonly retrieval from single aisle High (requires forklift truck)