Please do not talk at this time… Nov 25 The Art of Non Violence As you watch the scenes of Indians using non violence and still refusing to follow unjust laws think about the following: Do the English feel threatened by Gandhi’s actions? Are the Indians behaving in a threatening manner? Is there a conflict in the two answers you just gave? What is it? Who do you sympathize with most? How will the international community see the British soldiers? How will the international community view the Indian people? Who seems braver, the soldier or the Indians?

Other examples of Non Violent Opposition to Unjust Laws MLK’s “I have a Dream” speech- Protesting limits to Civil Rights

Other examples of Non Violent Opposition to Unjust Laws Tiananmen Square- Protesting limits to Natural rights

Other examples of Non Violent Opposition to Unjust Laws Soweto Protests in South Africa - Protesting Apartheid and Limits to Natural Rights

Other examples of Non Violent Opposition to Unjust Laws Women in Black, San Francisco- Protesting war and injustice in Israel and Palestine

Non Violence Reading As you read, underline examples of non violent resistance to unjust laws or situations. Then reflect at the bottom of the second page.

Indian Independence and After

1. What is going on in this picture? 2. How does it characterize Indian Independence?

Kashmir Afghanistan 3. What do you Notice about the location of religious groups in India? 4. What kinds of problems will a people afraid that their culture will be abused again face? East Punjab West Pakistan East Pakistan

Partition! Before Indians receive full Independence, the British, Muslin and Hindu leaders divide the lands of India into two nations with two dominant religions. People are urged to move to where their religion is dominant. 5. What problems do you think this migration of religious groups causes?

Jawarlal Nehru Ally of Gandhi. 1st Prime Minister of India, 1947-1964. Advocated Industrialization. Promoted self sufficiency for agriculture. Mixed Economy. Remained neutral during the cold war. Nehru met Gandhi in 1916 at the annual Indian National Congress convention. He participated in the nonviolent civil disobedience campaign and spent time in jail along with Gandhi. At independence, Nehru became the nation’s first prime minister and was continually reelected until his death in 1964. Nehru pushed modernization of the country, and industrialization of its economy.

Indira Gandhi Nehru’s daughter. Prime Minister of India, 1966-1984. Continues Nehru’s policies. Faced corruption charges & internal rebellion. Assassinated in 1984. Indira Gandhi was Nehru’s daughter. She married a man named Gandhi who was no relation to the Mahatma. Indira continued industrialization, begun by her father. In 1975 Gandhi was convicted on two counts of corruption in the 1971 campaign. While appealing the decision, she declared a state of emergency, imprisoned her political opponents, and assumed emergency powers. Governing by decree, she imposed total press censorship and implemented a policy of large-scale sterilization as a form of birth control. When long-postponed national elections were held in 1977, Gandhi and her party were soundly defeated. Although very popular at the polls, she faced a great challenge in dealing with nationalist movements among minority groups, especially the Sikhs in Punjab state. The Sikhs sought independence of Punjab, and when they used terrorism, Indira struck back. The Golden Temple -- an extremely holy Sikh shrine at Amritsar was being used by the terrorists as a weapons storehouse and a sanctuary. Indira ordered a military raid on the temple in which hundreds of Sikhs were brutally killed. In the process, the temple was badly damaged. In retaliation, just a few months later on October 31, 1984, Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her own Sikh bodyguards.

Indian Leaders continue to be assassinated, accused of corruption, and deposed in military coups for the next 50 years. A united, politically stable, uncorrupted government remains a dream for India

Major problems & Issues in India today Overpopulation  1 billion & climbing. Economic development. Hindu-Muslim tensions. Gender issues  dowry killings. Caste bias  discrimination against untouchables continues. The Kashmir dispute and nuclear weapons. Political assassinations. The population of India is just over 1 billion people. It is believed that India’s population will surpass that of China by 2020. No success with family planning, birth control/abortion. Necessity of large families in agrarian subsistence lifestyle. India's economy is uneven at best: many Indians lead a subsistence lifestyle, while a sizeable middle class and a small upper class live in the cities. The situation in Kashmir is quite dangerous. Ongoing hostilities continue, and both sides continue a low-level crossfire across the border of this divided region. Three wars have been fought over Kashmir: 1948, 1965, and 1971. The 1972 partition did not settle the issue. Because both sides, India and Pakistan, have nuclear weapons, some fear that the potential for large-scale war could lead to the use of these nuclear weapons. In the summer of 2002, India and Pakistan came within a hair’s breadth of war.

Pakistan Led briefly but successfully by Muhammad Ali Jinnah Dangerous combination Was not prepared to rule in 1948. Strong Islamic fundamentalism. Impoverished. Pakistan divides in 1972 W. Pakistan = Pakistan E. Pakistan = Bangladesh Khan stressed modernization. His following in West Pakistan held liberal views of Islamic law, leading to dissent within W. Pakistan, and especially in East Pakistan. After Khan left office in 1969, East Pakistan refused to pay taxes to West Pakistan. West Pakistan sent in troops, sparking civil war. Thousands killed, millions escaped to India. India entered the war, helped Bangladesh declare its independence in 1972.

Benazir Bhutto First Woman Prime Minister, 1988 Ousted in 1990, 1993 on corruption charges. Assassinated last year Nawaz Sharif Ousted three times. Struggle between modernizers and fundamentalists.

Gen. Pervex Musharaff Coup d’etat- Takes power by force. Forms a secular government against Islamic fundamentalists. U.S. ally in the “War on Terror.”

Major problems & Issues in Pakistan today Economic development. Political instability/military dictatorship. Hindu-Muslim tensions. Gender issues  honor killings. Terrorism. The Kashmir dispute and nuclear weapons. The population of India is just over 1 billion people. It is believed that India’s population will surpass that of China by 2020. No success with family planning, birth control/abortion. Necessity of large families in agrarian subsistence lifestyle. India's economy is uneven at best: many Indians lead a subsistence lifestyle, while a sizeable middle class and a small upper class live in the cities. The situation in Kashmir is quite dangerous. Ongoing hostilities continue, and both sides continue a low-level crossfire across the border of this divided region. Three wars have been fought over Kashmir: 1948, 1965, and 1971. The 1972 partition did not settle the issue. Because both sides, India and Pakistan, have nuclear weapons, some fear that the potential for large-scale war could lead to the use of these nuclear weapons. In the summer of 2002, India and Pakistan came within a hair’s breadth of war.

India Vs. Pakistan Both claim Kashmir, its lands, its wealth, its people and its water resources.

Kashmir Crisis UN negotiated cease fire has only helped so much....small skirmishes and fights break out constantly

The India-Pakistan Arms Race Heats Up in the Late 1990s

2002 Nuclear Statistics

Increasingly... India and Pakistan are working to fight Terrorism Pakistan is home to a number of rebel groups that support terrorists in Afghanistan India holds an influential place in regional politics. But... Both countries still struggle to maintain their own stability 6. How does this help the Terrorists?

7. Why are two unstable nuclear capable nations near organized terrorist groups a scary situation for the rest of the world? 8. What can the US do to make this situation better?

Please do not talk at this time Dec. 1 Get a reading on Outsourcing and read the side titled: “What’s All the Noise About?” On a half sheet of paper (you can share a whole sheet with a friend) please give me the following: 3- three businesses the US has outsourced to India 2- two reasons India is a great place to send your outsourced business to. 1- one serious concern for American businesses regarding India’s instability ( you have to think of this one on your own….)

Video on Outsourcing Point of View- As you watch, record information on the two points of view of Outsourcing presented in the video on the back of your ½ paper. Outsourcing: Indian View American View Outsourcing Link Now go back and put a star next to those perceptions that are positive and a circle next to those perceptions that are negative. Which one do you have more of?

Mumbai Attack Link Attack on Mumbai What concerns do attacks like this raise for American companies doing business in India? Mumbai Attack Link

Dec 2- Modern India Web Quest Go to the Web Quest Link: Answer Questions 1 – 20 on a piece of paper. You may use bullet notes in your answers. See next slide for more information on using the Web Quest Page HW: Finish any sections you haven’t done in class. All 20 questions are due on Thursday

Go to each section in order Scroll down to see the Questions Find the info on the page