1 Teletranslation Context : An Infrastructural Shift Paradigm of Teletranslation Internet and computer-mediated communication with digital media Information Society Today’s Transitional Society Paradigm of Translation Physical transportation and face-to-face communication with print media Industrial Society

2 Conventional Translation  after-thought  wordprocessing  asynchronous  text for paper-based circulation  no engineering input

3 Teletranslation  Engineering inputs  Translation foregrounded in design of the content  Computer and network-assisted translation with a range of tools  Processing of text in electronic form  Asynchronous and synchronous text  Adaptation of non-textual elements

4 Sender message in target language TMC & CMC  Translation-mediated communication (TMC) TRANSLATOR message in source language message  Computer-mediated communication (CMC) COMPUTER Sender message Receiver

5 HYPERREALITY Changing nature of translation content Levels of dimensions HYPERTEXT TEXT linear text non-linear text e.g. web site multimodal e.g. video game

6 Changing nature of translation content HYPERTEXT TEXT linear text non-linear text e.g. web site Retention of format (e.g. HTML/XML) High-volume perishable text Frequent micro changes Adaptation of icons, images, layout….

7 Applications of Translation Technology  Speed - Online MT for information jisting - TM for repetitive & frequently updated text  Price - CL checker for SL text control (HOCL & MOCL)  Quality - Corpus tools for domain-specific knowledge - TMS/TM for consistent use of terminology - TM to pay once for the same sentence - Global online tendering of translation jobs - Internet-based free amateur translation

8 The Internet and Human Translation  The Internet as a research tool for HT Text in various domains Mailing list as translator knowledge-base Vast number of terminology sources Image search for cultural knowledge gap Speech search (Web radio to check pronunciation) Access to the author of the source text

9 The Internet and Human Translation  The Internet as a business interface for HT Access to potential customers via Web - Own Web site - Translators’ mailinglist - Translator portals - e-Agencies

10 The Internet and Human Translation Access to potential customers via Translator’s mailinglist e-goups on Yahoo  The Internet as a business interface for HT

11 The Internet and Human Translation Access to potential customers via Translation portals Trados Logos  The Internet as a business interface for HT

12 The Internet and Human Translation e-Agencies Aquarius ProZ.com TransMart  The Internet as a business interface for HT

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14 The Internet and Human Translation  Shared knowledge and skills Networked Translation Memory Wiki-based collaborative translation Wiki: a web application to allow any user to edit the content; collaborative software used to create such a website (Wikipedia)

15 Teletranslation Integration with engineering process - workflow Adaptation of non-textual elements and international design - explicit intercultural knowledge Synchronous production - dealing with unstable source content Digital literacy - understanding the nature of the content (medium) Impact of collaboration

16 Teletranslation Issues: Implication of Internationalisation TRANSLATOR Sender message in source language message in target language Receiver Translatability editor

17 Teletranslation Issues: Implication of Internationalisation How to quantify ‘translatability’ of both textual and non-textual elements What skills will be needed for a ‘translatability’ editor? How to design the optimum internationalisation

18 Teletranslation Issues: Experiments with “chat” modes How does a new platform affect the whole process of language mediation? Is it doable by human translators/interpreters? If not doable, what is the problem? What elements will make the process easier? What new skills or knowledge will be needed?

19 Teletranslation Issues: “Transterpreting” experiments 1

20 Teletranslation Issues: “Transterpreting” results The process of language mediation was affected by the nature of the platform in use It is possible to transterpret for Japanese/ English but not Chinese/English Transterpreter/participants ratio affects in a chat environment in the performance of transterpreting Multi-channel communication makes it easier

21 Teletranslation Issues: “Transterpreting” experiments 2 MS ComicChat: Interactive chat environment

22 Teletranslation Issues: “Transterpreting” experiments 2 MS ComicChat: Interactive chat environment

23 Teletranslation Issues: “Transterpreting” experiments 3 ActiveWorlds: Interactive chat environment with avatars

24 Teletranslation Issues: Experiment results Nonverbal communication may need to be translated/interpreted explicitly Language mediator may begin to use nonverbal cues more often and explicitly Translating and interpreting may become merged by way of multi-tasking Language mediator may start to take on the role of communication manager