Aquaculture (Animals) 1 Gina S. Itchon, Xavier university

Aquaculture (Animals) Find this presentation and more on: Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source! Copyright Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the open- source concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing organisations. To view an official copy of the the Creative Commons Attribution Works 3.0 Unported License we build upon, visit This agreement officially states that: You are free to: Share - to copy, distribute and transmit this document Remix - to adapt this document. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any changes that you have made to improve this document. Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must always give the original authors or publishing agencies credit for the document or picture you are using. Disclaimer The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or supporting partner organisations. Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided. Copyright & Disclaimer

Aquaculture (Animals) Find this presentation and more on: 3 Contents 1.Concept 2.How it can optimize SSWM 3.Applicability 4.Advantages and disadvantages 5.References

Aquaculture (Animals) Find this presentation and more on: 4 Aquaculture in general refers to the controlled cultivation of aquatic plants and animals by making use of wastewater as a nutrient source for plants and fish. Fish can be grown in ponds where they feed on algae and other organisms that grow in the nutrient-rich water. Through feeding, the nutrients from the wastewater are removed and the fish are eventually harvested for consumption. Three kinds of aquaculture designs for raising fish exist: (1) fertilization of fish ponds with excreta/sludge; (2) fertilization of fish ponds with effluent; and (3) fish grown directly in aerobic ponds. When introducing nutrients in the form of effluent or sludge it is important to limit the additions so that aerobic conditions are maintained. 1. Concept

Aquaculture (Animals) Find this presentation and more on: 5 The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) should not exceed 1 g/m 2 d and oxygen should be at least 4 mg/L. Fish introduced to aerobic ponds can effectively reduce algae and help control mosquito populations. The fish themselves do not dramatically improve the water quality, but because of their economic value they can offset the costs of operating a treatment facility. Under ideal operating conditions, up to 10,000 kg/ha of fish can be harvested. If the fish are not acceptable for human consumption, they can be a valuable source of protein for other high-valuable carnivores (like shrimp) or converted into fishmeal for pigs and chickens. 1. Concept

Aquaculture (Animals) Find this presentation and more on: 6 Functional Design 1. Concept Functional Design of an Aquaculture pond. Source: TILLEY et al. (2008)

Aquaculture (Animals) Find this presentation and more on: 7 Example 1. Concept Wastewater-fed aquaculture in Lima, Peru. Source: EDWARDS (2008)

Aquaculture (Animals) Find this presentation and more on: How can it optimize SSWM Implementation and use of Aquaculture can help in optimizing your local water management and sanitation system and make it more sustainable by: Providing a steady source of income Making productive use of the nutrient value in the wastewater Allowing for a (partial) wastewater treatment inside the ponds By improving the local food security situation

Aquaculture (Animals) Find this presentation and more on: Applicability A fish pond is only appropriate when there is a sufficient amount of land (or a pre-existing pond), a source of fresh water and a suitable climate. This technology is only appropriate for warm or tropical climates with no freezing temperatures, and preferably with high rainfall and minimal evaporation. Fish that are tolerant of low dissolved oxygen levels should be chosen. Different varieties of carp, milkfish and tilapia have been successful, but the specific choice will depend on local preference and suitability.

Aquaculture (Animals) Find this presentation and more on: Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages: Can provide a cheap, locally available protein source Low to moderate capital cost; operating costs should be offset by production revenue Potential for local job creation and income generation Can be built and maintained with locally available materials (TILLEY et al. 2008) Disadvantages: Fish may pose a health risk if improperly prepared or cooked Requires abundance of fresh water Requires large land (pond) area May require expert design and installation (TILLEY et al. 2008)

Aquaculture (Animals) Find this presentation and more on: References TILLEY, E., LÜTHI, C., MOREL, A., ZURBRÜGG, C., SCHERTENLEIB, R. (2008): Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG) & Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC). EDWARDS P. (2008): Volume III: Wastewater and excreta use in aquaculture. Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Institute of Technology.

Aquaculture (Animals) 12 “Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture” SSWM is an initiative supported by: Compiled by: