Unit One Diversified Health Occupations Page 14-25 Trends in Healthcare Unit One Diversified Health Occupations Page 14-25

Objective Identify at least five current trends or changes in health care

Introduction Most of you have probably heard about AIDS. What do you know about this disease? What rumors have you heard? How has this disease changed and how has it affected health care?

Introduction Continued Many events lead to changes in health care Changes occur almost every day Health care workers must be aware of these changes/trends

Technological Advances Cost Containment Definition: trying to control the rising cost of healthcare and achieving the maximum benefit for every dollar spent Technological Advances organ transplants, artificial hearts computers to examine internal parts advanced technologies which allow people to live longer Aging Population Increased pharmaceutical products, more chronic diseases more frequent health services Other Reasons: Increased lawsuits, Expensive malpractice insurance Unnecessary diagnostic tests or labs

Methods Used to Contain Costs Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) Combination of services Outpatient services Mass or bulk purchasing Early intervention and prevention Energy conservation Home Health Care Geriatric Care Telemedicine Wellness Alternative and Complementary Therapies National Health Care Plan

Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) Attempt by Congress to control costs for Medicare and Medicaid Payment based on diagnosis Certain amount paid for each disease condition Agencies providing care for less can keep extra money Agencies accept loss if care costs more than payment allowed

Combination of Services Agencies combine services to avoid duplication Share clinics, labs, etc…. HMOs and PPOs are examples of sharing services Care can be provided to a larger number of people at a decrease in cost per person

Outpatient Services Patients receive care without being admitted to hospital or other care facilities Hospital care is expensive Reducing the length of hospital stays or decreased need for hospital admissions lowers the cost of healthcare Examples: surgery, XRAY, Diagnostic Tests

Mass or Bulk Purchasing Buying equipment and supplies in larger quantities at reduced prices Combine purchases of different departments Large corporations placing large orders of supplies can be bought at lower costs

Early Intervention and Prevention Providing care before acute or chronic disease occurs Preventing diseases is more cost effective than treating Methods of Prevention include education, immunizations, yearly exams, and incentives for people who participate in certain programs

Energy Conservation Monitor use of energy to control costs and conserve resources Major expenses: electricity, water, gas, etc… Methods: energy efficient facilities, heating/cooling systems, insulation, repairing water leaks, energy saving light bulbs, etc..

Check Your Understanding… What is an outpatient service? What are two examples? Why should we prevent illnesses, versus treat them? What are three methods of energy conservation?

What would be an advantage of home health care? Cost containment because its less expensive All aspects involved: nursing, physical therapy, respiratory and occupational therapy, social services, nutrition, etc… Rapidly growing health care career DRGs result in shorter hospital stays and therefore patients need to be cared for at home What would be an advantage of home health care?

Geriatric Care Care for the elderly Rapidly growing because baby boom generation and longer life spans Will lead to growth of adult day cares, retirement communities, assisted living, and LTC facilities

Telemedicine Uses video, audio, and computer systems to provide medical/health care services New technology allows interactive services between health care providers EMTs at the scene of an accident can transmit medical data to the ER physician who can plan ahead Surgeons using a computer robot can guide a remote controlled arm to performs surgery many miles away

Wellness State of being in optimum health with balances relationship between physical, mental and social health People aware of need to maintain health and prevent disease Recognize importance of activities such as exercise, good nutrition, weight control, etc…

Check For Understanding What is home health care? Identify three types of services are involved? What is geriatric care? Discuss the reason for needing more adult day cares, retirement communities, and assisted living communities ? What is telemedicine? Describe a scenario of it’s use

Alternative and Complementary Methods of Health Care Most common health care system in the US is the biomedical or “Western” system Based on evaluating the physical signs and symptoms of a patient, determining the cause of disease and treating the cause Alternative Therapy: Methods of treatment used in place of biomedical therapies Complementary Therapy: Methods of treatment used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies

Ayuredic Practitioners Use ancient philosophy to determine a persons body type Prescribe diet, herbal treatment, exercise yoga, massage, minerals and living practices Ayuredic Practitioners Use ancient holistic based healing practice that Chi (energy) flows through every living person in a pathway to link the organs and connect them to external universe Use acupuncture, acupressure, tai chi and herbal remedies Chinese Medicine Practitioners Believe the brain sends vital energy to all body parts through nerves in the spinal cord Misalignment of vertebrae places pressure on spinal nerves which results in disease and pain Use spinal manipulation, massage and exercise to adjust position of vertebrae and restore flow of energy Chiropractors Believe in ability of body to heal itself through the actions of the immune system Use minute diluted doses of drugs made from plant, animal and mineral substances to cause symptoms similar to disease and activate immune system Homeopaths Help individual obtain trance like state with belief the person will be receptive to verbal suggestions and make behavior change Hypnotists use only natural therapies such as fasting, special diets, lifestyle changes, and supportive approaches to promote healing Avoid use of surgery or medicinal to treat diseases Naturopaths These are examples of CAM therapies

Check For Understanding . . . Differentiate between Complementary and Alternative Care Therapies. Identify TWO types of CAM therapies. Briefly describe these.

National Health Care Plan High cost of care and large number of uninsured have created demand for national plan Many have been proposed Goal is to ensure that all Americans can get health coverage Related problems include the cost of creating system Those with insurance may pay more to cover the uninsured Lack of freedom in choosing health care providers Regulations to be created to establish this system

Pandemic Exists when outbreak of disease occurs over widespread geographic area and affects high proportion of the population Major concern today is that worldwide pandemics become more frequent Possible concern of Influenza Pandemic in the future Governments are creating pandemic influenza plans to protect the people Become more frequent because society is global, individuals can travel readily throughout the world, and diseases can spread more rapidly from person to person Flu pandemics : killed numbers of people; in 1918 the Spanish flu pandemic killed approx 2% individuals who contacted it =40 million people Plans include education ( info about the pandemic and ways to avoid its spread), vaccine production (more research directed to producing effective vaccines in larger quantities and shorter pd of time) , antiviral drugs( stockpiled for immediate use), developing protective public health measures ( quick dx, strict infection control methods, first responders and healthcare personnel immunized in order to care forpublic, quarantine measures), international cooperation ( countries must be willing to work with each other to limit spread of lethal viruses)

Check for Understanding Explain how having a national health care plan might affect a pandemic? Which pandemic is a possible concern for the future? Why?

Let’s Apply What You’ve Learned Will new trends have an effect on your role as a health care worker? Why or Why Not? If salaries were increased for health care professionals, what changes or trends might occur?

Guided Practice… Lets Look at the workbook page provided…. We will do the first question together Then, try the second question on your own at first. Then we will discuss it