© 2009 abcteach.com 16.1 The Two sides Points in time  1861,February  1861,February – Confederacy is formed  1861,  1861, April– four more states joined confederacy  1861,Summer  1861,Summer – Rebel soldiers (112,000); Yankees about 187,000 1863 – West Virginia admitted to Union

© 2009 abcteach.com  1861  1861 (February) – seven states left union, formed confederacy  Lincoln  Lincoln called for troops to save Union VA, NC, TN, AK joined confederacy Confederacy chose Richmond, VA as capital Washington, DC- Union’s capital The two sides

© 2009 abcteach.com MO, KY, MD, DE (border states) remained with Union MO, controlled parts of the Mississippi River KY, Ohio River DE, its being close to the Northern city of PA Choosing Sides

© 2009 abcteach.com MD, perhaps most important border state.  Vital  Vital RR lines pass through it Washington, DC lies within the state If MD secedes, North’s government will be surrounded Choosing Sides

© 2009 abcteach.com Lincoln moved cautiously to avoid upsetting people in border states suspended some constitutional rights used his power to arrest people for active support of secession supported rebellion against Missouri’s pro- confederate state government as a result, four border states stayed with Union; thousands of their citizens left to join Confederate’s army Remaining with the Union

© 2009 abcteach.com most white southerners favored secession pockets of Union support existed in eastern TN and WV 1861, 48 VA counties organized themselves as separate state (WV) and secede from the VA 1863, Congress admitted WV to the Union A secession from the south

© 2009 abcteach.com larger population to support war effort more industries more abundant resources better banking system (raising money for the war) more ships (members of regular navy stayed with the Union) larger and more efficient railway network Lincoln’s dedication, intelligence, humanity comparing North and South North: Strengths

© 2009 abcteach.com have to invade and hold South (area filled with hostile population) North support over war was divided and shaky until near end based upon the American Revolution, many people believed the smaller South had a good chance of winning comparing North and South North: disadvantages

© 2009 abcteach.com strong support of its white population fighting in familiar territory superior military leadership Confederate President Jefferson Davis was himself a West Point graduate comparing North and South South: Strengths

© 2009 abcteach.com smaller population of free men few factories to manufacture weapons and other supplies produced less than half as much food as the North less than half of miles of railroad as the North strong belief in state's right (individual states refused to give confederate government enough power to fight the war effectively) comparing North and South South: disadvantages

© 2009 abcteach.com main goal: win the war, (bring Southern states back to the Union) ending slavery was not a goal at beginning of war (this changed as war continued) blockade Southern ports intended to control Mississippi River capture Richmond, capital city of Confederacy comparing North and South North: aims/strategies

© 2009 abcteach.com main goal: win recognition as an independent nation, (independence would mean preserving their way of life which included slavery)  planned  planned to defend its homeland until North gets tired of fighting, agrees to recognize independence of Confederacy comparing North and South South: aims/strategies

© 2009 abcteach.com hope Britain and France to pressure North to end war  changed  changed strategy (take offensive), moved their army Northward to persuade North they can win the war comparing North and South South: aims/strategies

© 2009 abcteach.com Mary Todd Lincoln: a brother, three half-brothers, three brothers-in-law fought in the confederate army John Crittenden: (Kentucky senator), two sons became generals in the war, one in Union; one in Confederacy Officers on both sides: Confederate President Jefferson Davis, Gen. Robert E. Lee; Union Generals George McClellan and William Tecumseh Sherman all attended West Point Academy American against American

© 2009 abcteach.com in one battle a Union regiment commanded by a man from WV attacked a Confederate regiment from VA commanded by his cousin American against American