NS1300 – Emergence of Modern Science Evolution

 What did Theodore Dobzhansky mean when he said, “Nothing in biology makes sense without evolution”?  What are the facts?  Where is the evidence?  Okay, so what’s the big deal?

 Plato  Plato’s Ideal  Aristotle  Scala naturae  Future Causes  The Chain of Being

 Linnaeus  taxonomy  Hutton  gradualism  Lamarck  evolution  Malthus  populations  Cuvier  extinction  Lyell  uniformitarianism  Adam Smith  Invisible hand

 Voyage of the Beagle  Origin of Species  Wallace  Natural Selection  Mendel

 Species Fecundity  Stable Populations  Environmental Resources are Limited  Struggle for Survival  Variation within Populations  Differential Survivability  Successful Traits Accumulate

 Homology  Vestigial Traits  Biogeography  The Fossil Record

 Theodosius Dobzhansky  Sewell Wright  Watson and Crick  Ernst Mayr

 Natural Selection  Genetic Drift  Bottleneck Effect  Founder Effect  Mutation

 Variation Within Populations  Polymorphism  Gene diversity  Nucleotide diversity  Variation Between Populations  Geographic variation  Sexual recombination

 Optima  Relative Fitness  Selection  Directional selection  Diversifying selection  Stabilizing selection

 Gene selection  Species selection  Population selection

 Sexual dimorphism  Mate Choice  Competition  The Ant and the Peacock

 Evolution is limited by history  Adaptations is limited by survivability  There are no future causes  Chance happens  Not all change is good

 Biological Species Concept  Ecological Species Concept  Pluralistic Species Concept  Morphological Species Concept  Genealogical Species Concept

 Anagenesis  Cladogenesis

 Habitat isolation  Behavioral isolation  Temporal isolation  Mechanical isolation  Gametic isolation

 Allopatric Speciation  Sympatic Speciation

 Ring Species  Adaptive Radiation on Island Chains

 Gradualism  Catastrophism  Punctuated Equilibrium

 Allometric Growth  Heterochrony  Paedomorphosis  Homeotic Genes

 Genetic Clocks  Mitochondrial DNA

 Tree  Clade  Monophyletic Groups  Shared primitive characteristics  Shared derived characteristics  Outgroups  Parsimony

 Brain Size  Jaw Shape  Bipedal Posture  Reduced Dimorphism  Social Structure

 1. T or F, acquired characteristics can be passed on to offspring.  2. T or F, natural selection is one mechanism for evolution.  3. T or F, evolution is random.  4. T or F., the discovery of DNA structure helped bring about a “modern synthesis” in evolution theory.  5. T or F, humans and apes share a common ancestor.